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Voluntary approaches (VAs) are increasingly implemented in different countries as the main instrument in environmental policies. The authors focus on the economics of VAs, their advantages and disadvantages and how they compare with other climate policy in ...
Characteristics of one-cascade (1.06 double right arrow 1.24 mum) and two-cascade (1.06 double right arrow 1.24 double right arrow 1.48 mum) phosphorus-doped fiber Raman lasers are studied. The cavities of both lasers are formed by Bragg gratings written d ...
Bench-scale biocalorimetry (>=1 L) allows for the detn. of the metabolic heat flow during bioprocesses under complete control of all process conditions for extended periods of time. It can be combined with a no. of online and off-line measurement technique ...
Conventional RF power amplifiers usually give their maximum efficiency near the maximum output power level. When the output power decreases, the efficiency drops sharply. Deep class AB or B PAs improve their efficiency by a self-adaptation of the current d ...
Ozonation of bromide-containing waters causes the formation of bromate which is considered to be potentially carcinogenic. An investigation in Switzerland on water works using ozone (85) has shown that the new drinking water standard of 10 mug/L for bromat ...
The global public good of climate stabilization, pursued in the negotiations leading up to the Kyoto Protocol, provides a useful case study of the political problems that can arise in attempts to reconcile structural or procedural aspects of justice and fa ...
Batch experiments were conducted to determine whether sub-ppb concentrations of dissolved Cr(VI) could be achieved by redox-assisted coagulation with Fe(II). in this process Fe(II) acts as a reductant for Cr(VI) and, after its oxidation to Fe(Ill), as a co ...
In the attempts to attain greater efficiency of mobility, based in the long-term on renewable energy sources, the efficiency of energy conversion in the vehicle remains an important issue. Polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell technology has the potential ...
Transient and spectral photovoltage (PV) have been investigated for charge injection from a dye [Ru(dcbpyH2)2(NCS)2] into transparent hole (CuSCN, CuI, CuAlO2) and electron ( TiO2, SnO2:F) conductors. The PV signal rises to a max. within 10 ns to 10 μs, de ...
A new heteroleptic polypyridyl ruthenium complex (see Figure) with a high molar extinction coefficient has been synthesized. The complex is demonstrated to be a highly efficient, stable sensitizer for nanocrystalline dye-sensitized solar cells. For a newly ...