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Concept
Belmont Report
Summary
The Belmont Report is a 1978 report created by the National Commission for the Protection of Human Subjects of Biomedical and Behavioral Research. Its full title is the Belmont Report: Ethical Principles and Guidelines for the Protection of Human Subjects of Research, Report of the National Commission for the Protection of Human Subjects of Biomedical and Behavioral Research.
The Belmont Report summarizes ethical principles and guidelines for human subject research. Three core principles are identified: respect for persons, Beneficence, and Justice. The three primary areas of application were stated as informed consent, assessment of risks and benefits, and selection of human subjects in research.
It was named the Belmont Report, for the Belmont Conference Center, where the National Commission met when first drafting the report.
According to Vollmer and Howard, the Belmont Report allows for a positive solution, which at times may be difficult to find, to future subjects who are not capable to make independent decisions.
The Belmont report took its name from the Belmont Conference Center in Elkridge, Maryland, 10 miles south of Baltimore where the document was drafted in part. The Belmont Conference Center, once a part of the Smithsonian Institution, was operated by Howard Community College until the end of 2010.
In 1974, prompted in part by the ethical problems emerging from the Tuskegee Syphilis Study (1932–1972), the National Research Act was signed into law. This created the National Commission for the Protection of Human Subjects of Biomedical and Behavioral Research (1974–1978). It consisted of altogether 11 physicians, lawyers and scientists, 8 of them were men and three women, namely Kenneth John Ryan, Joseph V. Brady, Robert E. Cooke, Dorothy I. Height (the only African-American), Albert R. Jonsen, Patricia King, Karen Lebacqz, David W. Louisell, Donald W. Seldin, Eliot Stellar and Robert H. Turtle.
It was divided into a series of work groups. Several people worked on issues of autonomy, others worked on issues of beneficence, or non-maleficence, or justice.
Official source
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