Japanese particles

Japanese particles, 助詞 or てにをは, are suffixes or short words in Japanese grammar that immediately follow the modified noun, verb, adjective, or sentence. Their grammatical range can indicate various meanings and functions, such as speaker affect and assertiveness. Japanese particles are written in hiragana in modern Japanese, though some of them also have kanji forms: (弖 or 天 for te て; 爾 for ni に; 乎 or 遠 for o を; and 波 for wa は). Particles follow the same rules of phonetic transcription as all Japanese words, with the exception of は (written ha, pronounced wa as a particle), へ (written he, pronounced e) and を (written using a hiragana character with no other use in modern Japanese, originally assigned as wo, now usually pronounced o, though some speakers render it as wo). These exceptions are a relic of historical kana usage. There are eight types of particles, depending on what function they serve. が, の, を, に, へ, と, で, から, より ga, no, o, ni, e, to, de, kara, yori か, の, や, に, と, やら, なり, だの ka, no, ya, ni, to, yara, nari, dano か, の, や, な, わ, とも, かしら ka, no, ya, na, wa, tomo, kashira さ, よ, ね sa, yo, ne ばかり, まで, だけ, ほど, くらい, など, なり, やら bakari, made, dake, hodo, kurai, nado, nari, yara は, も, こそ, でも, しか, さえ, だに wa, mo, koso, demo, shika, sae, dani ば, や, が, て, のに, ので, から, ところが, けれども, くせに ba, ya, ga, te, noni, node, kara, tokoroga, keredomo, kuseni の, から no, kara Note that some particles appear in two types. For example, kara is called a "case marker" where it describes where something is from or what happens after something; when it describes a cause it is called a "conjunctive particle". bakari bakari ka bakashi dake da no de de mo dokoro ka e ga hodo ka kai ka na kara ka shira kedo kiri kke koro/goro koso kurai/gurai made made ni me mo mono/mon mono de mono ka/mon-ka mono nara mono o na and naa nado nanka/nante nara ne ni ni te ni wa no no de nomi no ni o sa/saa sae de sae sae...

About this result

This page is automatically generated and may contain information that is not correct, complete, up-to-date, or relevant to your search query. The same applies to every other page on this website. Please make sure to verify the information with EPFL's official sources.

Related concepts (5)

Related courses (1)

Related lectures (6)

Japanese grammar

Japanese is an agglutinative, synthetic, mora-timed language with simple phonotactics, a pure vowel system, phonemic vowel and consonant length, and a lexically significant pitch-accent. Word order is normally subject–object–verb with particles marking the grammatical function of words, and sentence structure is topic–comment. Its phrases are exclusively head-final and compound sentences are exclusively left-branching. Sentence-final particles are used to add emotional or emphatic impact, or make questions.

Japanese writing system

The modern Japanese writing system uses a combination of logographic kanji, which are adopted Chinese characters, and syllabic kana. Kana itself consists of a pair of syllabaries: hiragana, used primarily for native or naturalised Japanese words and grammatical elements; and katakana, used primarily for foreign words and names, loanwords, onomatopoeia, scientific names, and sometimes for emphasis. Almost all written Japanese sentences contain a mixture of kanji and kana.

Kanji

are the logographic Chinese characters taken from the Chinese script used in the writing of Japanese. They were made a major part of the Japanese writing system during the time of Old Japanese and are still used, along with the subsequently-derived syllabic scripts of hiragana and katakana. The characters have Japanese pronunciations; most have two, with one based on the Chinese sound. A few characters were invented in Japan by constructing character components derived from other Chinese characters.

MATH-351: Advanced numerical analysis

The student will learn state-of-the-art algorithms for solving differential equations. The analysis and implementation of these algorithms will be discussed in some detail.

Implicit Schemes in Numerical Analysis MATH-351: Advanced numerical analysis

Explores implicit schemes in numerical analysis, emphasizing stability and convergence properties in solving differential equations.

Conformal Transformations and Stress Tensor

Explores conformal transformations, stress tensor, and correlation functions in conformal field theory.

Statistical Thermodynamics: Particles and Levels CH-242(b): Statistical thermodynamics

Covers statistical thermodynamics of particles and levels, permutations, and entropy in rubber band elasticity.