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Concept
Standard Generalized Markup Language
Summary
The Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML; ISO 8879:1986) is a standard for defining generalized markup languages for documents. ISO 8879 Annex A.1 states that generalized markup is "based on two postulates":
Declarative: Markup should describe a document's structure and other attributes rather than specify the processing that needs to be performed, because it is less likely to conflict with future developments.
Rigorous: In order to allow markup to take advantage of the techniques available for processing, markup should rigorously define objects like programs and databases.
DocBook SGML and LinuxDoc are examples which used SGML tools.
SGML is an ISO standard: "ISO 8879:1986 Information processing – Text and office systems – Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML)", of which there are three versions:
Original SGML, which was accepted in October 1986, followed by a minor Technical Corrigendum.
SGML (ENR), in 1996, resulted from a Technical Corrigendum to add extended naming rules allowing arbitrary-language and -script markup.
SGML (ENR+WWW or WebSGML), in 1998, resulted from a Technical Corrigendum to better support XML and WWW requirements.
SGML is part of a trio of enabling ISO standards for electronic documents developed by ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 34 (ISO/IEC Joint Technical Committee 1, Subcommittee 34 – Document description and processing languages) :
SGML (ISO 8879) – Generalized markup language
SGML was reworked in 1998 into XML, a successful of SGML. Full SGML is rarely found or used in new projects.
DSSSL (ISO/IEC 10179) – Document processing and styling language based on Scheme.
DSSSL was reworked into W3C XSLT and XSL-FO which use an XML syntax. Nowadays, DSSSL is rarely used in new projects apart from Linux documentation.
HyTime – Generalized hypertext and scheduling.
HyTime was partially reworked into W3C XLink. HyTime is rarely used in new projects.
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