Dorsal fin

A dorsal fin is a fin located on the back of most marine and freshwater vertebrates within various taxa of the animal kingdom. Many species of animals possessing dorsal fins are not particularly closely related to each other, though through convergent evolution they have independently evolved external superficial fish-like body plans adapted to their marine environments, including most numerously fish, but also mammals such as cetaceans (whales, dolphins, and porpoises), and even extinct ancient marine reptiles such as various known species of ichthyosaurs. Most species have only one dorsal fin, but some have two or three. Wildlife biologists often use the distinctive nicks and wear patterns which develop on the dorsal fins of large cetaceans to identify individuals in the field. The bony or cartilaginous bones that support the base of the dorsal fin in fish are called pterygiophores. The main purpose of the dorsal fin is to stabilize the animal against rolling and to assist in sudden turns. Some species have further adapted their dorsal fins to other uses. The sunfish uses the dorsal fin (and the anal fin) for propulsion. In anglerfish, the anterior of the dorsal fin is modified into a biological equivalent to a fishing pole and a lure known as illicium or esca. Many catfish can lock the leading ray of the dorsal fin in an extended position to discourage predation or to wedge themselves into a crevice. Some animals have developed dorsal fins with protective functions, such as spines or venom. For example, both the spiny dogfish and the Port Jackson shark have spines in their dorsal fins which are capable of secreting venom. File:Carassius wild golden fish 2013 G1.jpg|Most fish, like this large [[goldfish]], have one dorsal fin File:Parts of a shark.svg|[[Shark|Sharks]] typically have two dorsal fins File:Thunnus albacares.png|The [[yellowfin tuna]] also has two dorsal fins File:Haddock fins.tiff|[[Haddock|Haddocks]] have three dorsal fins Billfish have prominent dorsal fins.

Educational Soft Underwater Robot with an Electromagnetic Actuation

Neuromodulation/neurostimulation system for mitigating locomotor deficits of parkinson's disease, spinal cord injury (sci), stroke and/or other neurological disorders

Soft Biomimetic Fish Robot Made of Dielectric Elastomer Actuators

Educational Soft Underwater Robot with an Electromagnetic Actuation

Soft Biomimetic Fish Robot Made of Dielectric Elastomer Actuators

Neuromodulation/neurostimulation system for mitigating locomotor deficits of parkinson's disease, spinal cord injury (sci), stroke and/or other neurological disorders