Pesticide residue

Pesticide residue refers to the pesticides that may remain on or in food after they are applied to food crops. The maximum allowable levels of these residues in foods are often stipulated by regulatory bodies in many countries. Regulations such as pre-harvest intervals also often prevent harvest of crop or livestock products if recently treated in order to allow residue concentrations to decrease over time to safe levels before harvest. Exposure of the general population to these residues most commonly occurs through consumption of treated food sources, or being in close contact to areas treated with pesticides such as farms or lawns. Many of these chemical residues, especially derivatives of chlorinated pesticides, exhibit bioaccumulation which could build up to harmful levels in the body as well as in the environment. Persistent chemicals can be magnified through the food chain and have been detected in products ranging from meat, poultry, and fish, to vegetable oils, nuts, and var

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Use of accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) for the analysis of organochlorine pesticide residues in soils

Mirtha Ferrary

EPFL2003

Analysis of antibiotic and pesticide residues in shrimp farm waters using passive sampling

Luiz Felippe De Alencastro, Nicolas Estoppey, Tam Thi Minh Lê, Clément Levasseur

Vietnam is one of the largest shrimp exporters in the world. Intensive shrimp farming uses a lot of insecticides to sanitize the shrimp ponds and antibiotics for the prevention of diseases. The aims of this study are to develop a passive sampling method for evaluation of fifteen antibiotics and pesticides in the surface water and determine the contamination of surface waters by these compounds in Can Gio district – Ho Chi Minh City and Long An province, two major intensive shrimp farming sites in Southern Vietnam. Passive samplers (Polar Organic Chemical Integrative Samplers - POCIS) enable to calculate time-weighted average concentrations of the free dissolved fraction of pollutants and thus provide precious data about pollutant bioavailability. A two-weeks in-situ calibration in a Long An shrimp pond has been done, where aqueous concentrations of the compounds of interest obtained by composite sampling have been compared to the concentrations of these same compounds in POCIS, with the use of deisopropyl atrazine-d5 as Performance Reference Compound (PRC). The results showed that, passive sampling with POCIS is quite effective for evaluation of antibiotics and pesticides in surface water. Five calibration sampling rates (Rs) – for three antibiotics and two pesticides – have been calculated. The antibiotics and pesticides were found in both surface waters from the shrimp ponds and the canals. The maximum aqueous concentrations of total antibiotics and total pesticides were found in the shrimp ponds, 2800 ng/l and 250 ng/l respectively.

2016

Toxicity assessment of the main pesticides used in Costa Rica

Raphael Charles

The impacts of the 30 active substances, most used in Costa Rica (reference year 1998), are evaluated using two models originally developed to support comparative assertions in the context of the life cycle assessment: the multimedia fate, exposure and effect model Impact Assessment of Chemical Toxics 2002 (IMPACT 2002), and the Dynamic Model for Pesticides Residues in Plants. Results show that only five active substances - namely diazinon, mancozeb, chlorothalonil, terbutylazine and ethoprophos - contribute to more than 75% of the aquatic ecotoxicity and yet represent less than 40% of the amount used. More than 90% of the human toxicity is generated by only two active substances - namely terbufos and chlorothalonil - whereas they represent less than 10% of the total amount used. Overall, it would be possible to achieve a 90% reduction of human toxicity and a 75% reduction of aquatic ecotoxicity due to pesticide used in Costa Rica, focusing on only a few active substances. For instance, propiconazole or tridemorph could potentially be replaced by chlorothalonil; ametryn, diuron or paraquat by glyphosate; terbufos by cypermethrin; methyl bromide by metam sodium. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

2007

ENV-304: Treatment and valorization of water and waste

Les systèmes eaux et déchets en Suisse: du traitement end-of-pipe à la fermeture des cycles. Principes de l'adduction, de l'évacuation et du traitement des eaux. Bases du dimensionnement des ouvrages, réseaux et stations d'épuration. Gestion, traitement et valorisation des déchets urbains. Visites.

ENV-103: Biology

Diversité du monde vivant, rôle et action des Procaryotes dans la biosphère. Fonctionnement biochimique des êtres vivants comprenant les voies métaboliques centrales et les fonctions des biomolécules majeures. Rôle central joué par l'information génétique, des mécanismes évolutifs et de régulation.

Pesticide

Pesticides are substances that are meant to control pests. This includes herbicide, insecticide, nematicide, molluscicide, piscicide, avicide, rodenticide, bactericide, insect repellent, animal rep

Food safety

Food safety (or food hygiene) is used as a scientific method/discipline describing handling, preparation, and storage of food in ways that prevent foodborne illness. The oc

Pest control

Pest control is the regulation or management of a species defined as a pest; such as any animal, plant or fungus that impacts adversely on human activities or environment. The human response depends