United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change

Summary

The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) established an international environmental treaty to combat "dangerous human interference with the climate system", in part by stabilizing greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere. It was signed by 154 states at the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED), informally known as the Earth Summit, held in Rio de Janeiro from 3 to 14 June 1992. Its original secretariat was in Geneva but relocated to Bonn in 1996. It entered into force on 21 March 1994. The treaty called for ongoing scientific research and regular meetings, negotiations, and future policy agreements designed to allow ecosystems to adapt naturally to climate change, to ensure that food production is not threatened and to enable economic development to proceed in a sustainable manner. The Kyoto Protocol, which was signed in 1997 and ran from 2005 to 2020, was the first implementation of measures unde

Official source

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_Framework_Convention_on_Climate_Change

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This report collects two studies hat have been performed in the Research group on the Economics and Management of the Environment of EPFL to assess the Swiss post-Kyoto climate policy with a focus on the residential sector. We couple two existing top-down and residential bottom-up models in order to carry out a integrated assessment of various post-2012 climate policies for Switzerland.

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Technical Note: Development of chemoinformatic tools to enumerate functional groups in molecules for organic aerosol characterization

Giulia Ruggeri, Satoshi Takahama

Functional groups (FGs) can be used as a reduced representation of organic aerosol composition in both ambient and controlled chamber studies, as they retain a certain chemical specificity. Furthermore, FG composition has been informative for source apportionment, and various models based on a group contribution framework have been developed to calculate physicochemical properties of organic compounds. In this work, we provide a set of validated chemoinformatic patterns that correspond to (1) a complete set of functional groups that can entirely describe the molecules comprised in the alpha-pinene and 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene MCMv3.2 oxidation schemes, (2) FGs that are measurable by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), (3) groups incorporated in the SIMPOL.1 vapor pressure estimation model, and (4) bonds necessary for the calculation of carbon oxidation state. We also provide example applications for this set of patterns. We compare available aerosol composition reported by chemical speciation measurements and FTIR for different emission sources, and calculate the FG contribution to the OaEuro-:aEuro-C ratio of simulated gas-phase composition generated from alpha-pinene photooxidation (using the MCMv3.2 oxidation scheme).

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