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Concept
Fez (hat)
Summary
The fez (fes, فس), also called tarboosh/tarboush (طربوش), is a headdress of two types: either a felt short cylindrical, truncated (peakless) hat, usually red, or a short cylinder made of kilim fabric, both typically with a black tassel attached to the top. The name "fez" refers to the Moroccan city of Fez, where the dye to color the hat was extracted from crimson berries. However, its origins are disputed.
The modern fez owes much of its popularity to the Ottoman era. The fez became a symbol of the Ottoman Empire in the early 19th century. In 1827, Mahmud II mandated the fez as a modern headdress for his new army, the Asakir-i Mansure-i Muhammediye. The decision was inspired by the Ottoman naval command, who had previously returned from the Maghreb having embraced the style. In 1829, Mahmud issued new regulations mandating use of the fez by all civil and religious officials. The intention was to replace the turban, which acted as a marker of identity and so divided rather than unified the population. A century later, in 1925, the fez was outlawed in Turkey as part of Atatürk's reforms.
The fez has been used as part of soldiers' uniforms in many armies and wars for centuries, including the Bahawalpur Regiment in Pakistan as late as the 1960s.
It is still worn in parts of South Asia, the Middle East, North Africa, and in Cape Town, South Africa. It has also been adopted by various fraternal orders.
The fez (fes, فس), is also known as a tarboosh (طربوش,), also spelt tarboush. The word tarboosh is thought to be a loanword from سر بوشش دادن (meaning "headdress") via the Turkish language, from Ottoman Turkish تيرپوس (terpos), and is used mainly in the countries of the Levant (Syria, Lebanon, Palestine, and Jordan). Tarboosh is considered to be a Turkish word composed of two elements, ter "sweat" and pošu "a light turban cloth".
The fez takes its name from the Moroccan city of Fez, due to it being the source of the crimson berry once used to dye the felt.
The origins of the hat are obscure.
Official source
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