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Concept
Kamennogorsk
Summary
Kamennogorsk (Каменного́рск; known before 1948 by the Finnish name of Antrea (А́нтреа; S:t Andree)), is a town in Vyborgsky District of Leningrad Oblast, Russia, located on the Karelian Isthmus on the left bank of the Vuoksi River (Lake Ladoga's basin) northwest of St. Petersburg. Population:
Human habitation in the area where Kamennogorsk now stands goes back to the Stone Age. In the beginning of the 20th century, a Stone Age site was discovered under a layer of peat. Findings at the site included wooden and flint implements, polished instruments of shale, remains of net of nettle fibers, sixteen fishing floats of piny bark, thirty-one stone plummets, a long bone dagger, and remains of nets with a length of and a width of up to .
In the 14th-17th centuries, Antrea was a main administrative center of Karelian settlements on the upper Vuoksi. The name comes from Lutheran community founded in the 17th century and the church of St. Andrew.
In 1710, during the Great Northern War, the troops of Tsar Peter the Great included the whole area of the modern Vyborgsky District to Russia. In the course of Peter's second administrative reform, Antrea became a part of Vyborg Province of St. Petersburg Governorate. The 1721 Treaty of Nystad, which concluded the war with Sweden, finalized the transfer of this part of Old Finland to Russia.
In 1744, Vyborg Governorate, with the seat in Vyborg, was established. After several changes, Vyborg Governorate was renamed Finland Governorate in 1802. In 1812, it was renamed back and included in the Grand Duchy of Finland, which was previously ceded to Russia by Sweden. In Finland, it became known as the Viipuri Province. In 1918, the Viipuri Province became a part of independent Finland.
Antrea, together with the rest of the Karelian Isthmus, was ceded by Finland to the Soviet Union by the Moscow Peace Treaty as a result of the Winter War. It was recaptured by Finns between 1941 and 1944 during Continuation War but was again ceded to the Soviet Union after Moscow Armistice.
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