Concept

Carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance

Summary
Carbon-13 (C13) nuclear magnetic resonance (most commonly known as carbon-13 NMR spectroscopy or 13C NMR spectroscopy or sometimes simply referred to as carbon NMR) is the application of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to carbon. It is analogous to proton NMR ( NMR) and allows the identification of carbon atoms in an organic molecule just as proton NMR identifies hydrogen atoms. 13C NMR detects only the isotope. The main carbon isotope, is not detected. Although much less sensitive than 1H NMR spectroscopy, 13C NMR spectroscopy is widely used for characterizing organic and organometallic compounds. 13C NMR chemical shifts follow the same principles as those of 1H, although the typical range of chemical shifts is much larger than for 1H (by a factor of about 20). The chemical shift reference standard for 13C is the carbons in tetramethylsilane (TMS), whose chemical shift is considered to be 0.0 ppm. ImageSize = width:540 height:440 AlignBars = late Colors = id:nmrbar value:rgb(0.9,0.9,0.65) id:gray value:rgb(0.85,0.85,0.85) Period = from:-1 till:220 PlotArea = left:60 bottom:20 top:10 right:10 DateFormat = yyyy TimeAxis = orientation:horizontal format:yyyy order:reverse ScaleMajor = gridcolor:gray unit:year increment:20 start:0 PlotData= width:20 bar:Aldehydes from:180 till:220 color:nmrbar at:180 align:left text:R(CO)R shift:5,-5 at:220 align:left text:Aldehydes_and_ketones shift:5,-20 bar:Carboxylic from:160 till:185 color:nmrbar at:160 align:left text:R(CO)X shift:5,-5 at:185 align:left text:Carboxylic_acid_derivatives shift:0,-20 bar:Nitrile from:115 till:125 color:nmrbar at:125 text:"Nitrile RCN" align:right shift:-10,-5 bar:CC from:110 till:150 color:nmrbar at:150 text:"C=C" align:right shift:-10,-5 bar:Alkyne from:65 till:90 color:nmrbar at:90 text:"Alkyne R-CC-R" align:right shift:-10,-5 bar:RCH2O from:50 till:90 color:nmrbar at:90 text:"R-CH2-O" align:right shift:-10,-5 bar:R4C from:30 till:45 color:nmrbar at:45 text:"R4C" align:right shift:-10,-5 bar:R3CH from:30 till:50 color:nmrbar at:50 text:"R3CH" align:right shift:-10,-5 bar:RCH2X from:20 till:50 color:nmrbar at:50 text:"R-CH2-X~X= C=C, C=O, Br, Cl, N" align:right bar:R2CH2 from:20 till:30 color:nmrbar at:30 text:"R2CH2" align:right shift:-10,-5 bar:RCH3 from:5 till:20 color:nmrbar at:20 text:"RCH3" align:right shift:-10,-5 bar:TMS from:1 till:-1 color:nmrbar at:0 text:"TMS" align:right shift:-7,-2 Typical chemical shifts in 13C-NMR Homonuclear 13C-13C coupling is normally only observed in samples that are enriched with 13C.
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