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Concept
Canosa di Puglia
Summary
Canosa di Puglia, generally known simply as Canosa (Canaus), is a town and comune in the province of Barletta-Andria-Trani, Apulia, southern Italy. It is located between Bari and Foggia, on the northwestern edge of the plateau of the Murgia which dominates the Ofanto valley and the extensive plains of Tavoliere delle Puglie, ranging from Mount Vulture at the Gargano, to the Adriatic coast. Canosa, the Roman Canusium, is considered the principal archaeological center of Apulia, and is one of the oldest continually inhabited cities in Italy. A number of vases and other archaeological finds are located in local museums and private collections. It is not far from the position on the Ofanto River where the Romans found refuge after the defeat of the Battle of Cannae and is the burial place of Bohemund I of Antioch.
Canosa is the Italian development of the Latin Canusium, derived from the Greek Kanýsion (Κανύσιον), whose origin is uncertain. According to the Latin commentator Servius, Canusium derived from canis ("dog"), an animal associated with the local worship of Aphrodite. Other derivations include from Greek kháneon (χάνεον, "wicker basket"), from the abundant wicker growing along the Ofanto; the Hebrew chanuth ("tavern"); and the Etruscan name Canzna.
Canosa sits on the right bank of the Ofanto river (the ancient Aufidus) and is nearly from the Adriatic Sea. The town sits upon the Murgia plateau, between above sea level. The city is built on a mostly sandy or clay surface that covers a limestone layer ("calcareniti of Gravina") which in turn constitutes the typical white-yellowish tuff and is easily collapsible.
This morphological feature allowed the underground construction of artificial grottoes (used in the 19th century as cellars), and the creation of a Hypogeum. The tuff derived from the excavations has gone towards the construction of buildings on the surface. There are risks of subsidence due to the presence of caves and underground channels typical of karst environments.
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