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Concept
Education in the United Kingdom
Summary
Education in the United Kingdom is a devolved matter with each of the countries of the United Kingdom having separate systems under separate governments. The UK Government is responsible for England, whilst the Scottish Government, the Welsh Government and the Northern Ireland Executive are responsible for Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland, respectively.
For details of education in each country, see:
Education in England
Education in Northern Ireland
Education in Scotland
Education in Wales
In 2018, the Programme for International Student Assessment, coordinated by the OECD, ranked the overall knowledge and skills of British 15-year-olds as 13th in the world in reading, literacy, mathematics, and science. The average British student scored 503.7, compared with the OECD average of 493.
In 2014, the country spent 6.6 per cent of its GDP on all levels of education – 1.4 percentage points above the OECD average of 5.2 per cent. In 2017, 45.7 per cent of British people aged 25 to 64 attained some form of post-secondary education. Of British people aged 25 to 64, 22.6% attained a bachelor's degree or higher, whilst 52% of British people aged 25 to 34 attained some form of tertiary education, about 4% above the OECD average of 44%.
In each country there are five stages of education: early years, primary, secondary, further education (FE) and higher education (HE). The law states that full-time education is compulsory for all children between the ages of 5 (4 in Northern Ireland) and 16. In England, compulsory education or training was extended to 18 in 2015. Before they reach compulsory school age, children can be educated at nursery; the four governments all provide universal funding for children from the age of three years old or younger.
Further education is non-compulsory, and covers advanced education which can be taken at further (including tertiary) education colleges and higher education institutions (HEIs). The fifth stage, higher education, is study beyond A-levels or BTECs (and their equivalent) which, for most full-time students, takes place in HEIs such as universities and colleges.
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