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Concept
1881
Summary
January 1–24 – Siege of Geok Tepe: Russian troops under General Mikhail Skobelev defeat the Turkomans.
January 13 – War of the Pacific – Battle of San Juan and Chorrillos: The Chilean army defeats Peruvian forces.
January 15 – War of the Pacific – Battle of Miraflores: The Chileans take Lima, capital of Peru, after defeating its second line of defense in Miraflores.
January 24 – William Edward Forster, chief secretary for Ireland, introduces his Coercion Bill, which temporarily suspends habeas corpus so that those people suspected of committing an offence can be detained without trial; it goes through a long debate before it is accepted February 2.
January 25 – Thomas Edison and Alexander Graham Bell form the Oriental Telephone Company.
February 13 – The first issue of the feminist newspaper La Citoyenne is published by Hubertine Auclert in Paris.
February 16 – The Canadian Pacific Railway is incorporated.
February 18 – Carlos Finlay introduces his discovery of the transmission of Yellow Fever by mosquitoes Aedes aegypti, in the Fifth International Sanitary Conference held in Washington, D.C.
February 19 – Kansas becomes the first U.S. state to prohibit all alcoholic beverages.
February 24 (February 12 Old Style) – Qing dynasty China signs the Treaty of Saint Petersburg with the Russian Empire providing for the return to China of the eastern part of the Ili Basin.
February 25 – Phoenix, Arizona, is incorporated.
March 1 – The Cunard Line's , the first steel transatlantic liner, is launched at Clydebank in Scotland.
March 4 – James A. Garfield is sworn in as the 20th president of the United States.
March 12 – Andrew Watson makes his Scotland debut as the world's first black international football player.
March 13 (March 1 Old Style) – Assassination of Alexander II of Russia: Emperor Alexander II of Russia ("the Liberator") is killed near his palace in Saint Petersburg when bombs are thrown at him, an act committed by the revolutionary socialist group Narodnaya Volya coordinated by Sophia Perovskaya but falsely blamed upon Russian Jews.
Official source
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