1560Year 1560 (MDLX) was a leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. January 7 – In the Kingdom of Scotland, French troops commanded by Henri Cleutin and Captain Corbeyran de Cardaillac Sarlabous sail across the Firth of Forth from Leith, which they are occupying, and fight with the Lords of the Congregation at Pettycur Bay near Kinghorn. February 27 – Treaty of Berwick: Terms are agreed upon with the Lords of the Congregation in Scotland, for forces of the Kingdom of England to enter Scotland, to expel French troops defending the Regency of Mary of Guise.
1567NOTOC Year 1567 (MDLXVII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. January – A Spanish force under the command of Captain Juan Pardo establishes Fort San Juan, in the Native American settlement of Joara. The fort is the first European settlement in present-day North Carolina. January 20 – Battle of Rio de Janeiro: Portuguese forces under the command of Estácio de Sá definitively drive the French out of Rio de Janeiro.
1563Year 1563 (MDLXIII) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. January 25 – In Italy, Instituto Bancario San Paolo di Torino, a major financial group of Sanpaolo IMI, is founded. February 1 – Sarsa Dengel succeeds his father Menas as Emperor of Ethiopia. February 18 – Francis, Duke of Guise, is assassinated while besieging Orléans.
1532Year 1532 (MDXXXII) was a leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. January 22 – São Vicente is established as the first permanent Portuguese settlement in Brazil. March 18 – The Supplication against the Ordinaries is presented to Henry VIII by the Speaker of the House of Commons. Henry responds by stating that the commons could hardly expect such consideration after they refused to assent to the government's proposals. Shortly afterwards, Parliament was prorogued until April 10.
1453Year 1453 (MCDLIII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Julian calendar, the 1453rd year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 453rd year of the 2nd millennium, the 53rd year of the 15th century, and the 4th year of the 1450s decade. It is sometimes cited as the notional end of the Middle Ages by historians who define the medieval period as the time between the Fall of the Western Roman Empire and the fall of the Eastern Roman Empire, due to the Fall of Constantinople.
1553Year 1553 (MDLIII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. May – The first Royal Charter is granted to St Albans, in England. June – The first of the five Battles of Kawanakajima, the "Battle of the Fuse," commences in Japan between Takeda Shingen of Kai Province and Uesugi Kenshin of Echigo Province, part of a major series of conflicts during the Japanese Sengoku Period.
1450Year 1450 (MCDL) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. February 7 – John de la Pole, 2nd Duke of Suffolk, marries Lady Margaret Beaufort. February 26 – Francesco Sforza enters Milan after a siege, becoming Duke of the city-state, and founding a dynasty that will rule Milan for a century. March – French troops under Guy de Richemont besiege the English commander in France, Edmund Beaufort, 1st Duke of Somerset, in Caen.
1572Year 1572 (MDLXXII) was a leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. January 16 – Thomas Howard, 4th Duke of Norfolk, is tried for treason, for his part in the Ridolfi plot to restore Catholicism in England. He is executed on June 2. February – Harrow School is founded, with a royal charter from Queen Elizabeth I of England. February 13 – Elizabeth I of England issues a proclamation which revokes all commissions, on account of the frauds which they had fostered.
16th centuryThe 16th century began with the Julian year 1501 (represented by the Roman numerals MDI) and ended with either the Julian or the Gregorian year 1600 (MDC), depending on the reckoning used (the Gregorian calendar introduced a lapse of 10 days in October 1582). The 16th century is regarded by historians as the century which saw the rise of the Western Civilization. The Renaissance in Italy and Europe saw the emergence of important artists, authors and scientists, and led to the foundation of important subjects which include accounting and political science.
