1821January 21 – Peter I Island in the Antarctic is first sighted, by Fabian Gottlieb von Bellingshausen. January 26 – Congress of Laibach convenes in Laibach to deal with outstanding international issues, particularly the outbreak of a revolution in southern Italy. January 28 – Alexander Island, the largest in Antarctica, is first discovered by Fabian Gottlieb von Bellingshausen. February 9 – Columbian College in the District of Columbia is chartered by President James Monroe (it becomes George Washington University).
1815January 2 – Lord Byron marries Anna Isabella Milbanke in Seaham, county of Durham, England. January 3 – Austria, Britain, and Bourbon-restored France form a secret defensive alliance treaty against Prussia and Russia. January 8 – Battle of New Orleans: American forces led by Andrew Jackson defeat British forces led by Sir Edward Pakenham. American forces suffer around 60 casualties and the British lose about 2,000 (the battle lasts for about 30 minutes). January 13 – War of 1812: British troops capture Fort Peter in St.
1832January 6 – Abolitionist William Lloyd Garrison founds the New-England Anti-Slavery Society. January 13 – The Christmas Rebellion of slaves is brought to an end in Jamaica, after the island's white planters organize militias and the British Army sends companies of the 84th regiment to enforce martial law. More than 300 of the slave rebels will be publicly hanged for their part in the destruction. February 6 – The Swan River Colony is renamed Western Australia. February 9 – The Florida Legislative Council grants a city charter for Jacksonville, Florida.
1849January 1 – France begins issue of the Ceres series, the nation's first postage stamps. January 5 – Hungarian Revolution of 1848: The Austrian army, led by Alfred I, Prince of Windisch-Grätz, enters in the Hungarian capitals, Buda and Pest. The Hungarian government and parliament flee to Debrecen. January 8 – Hungarian Revolution of 1848: Romanian armed groups massacre 600 unarmed Hungarian civilians, at Nagyenyed. January 13 Second Anglo-Sikh War – Battle of Tooele: British forces retreat from the Sikhs.
1847January 4 – Samuel Colt sells his first revolver pistol to the U.S. government. January 13 – The Treaty of Cahuenga ends fighting in the Mexican–American War in California. January 16 – John C. Frémont is appointed Governor of the new California Territory. January 17 – St. Anthony Hall fraternity is founded at Columbia University, New York City. January 30 – Yerba Buena, California, is renamed San Francisco.
1841January 20 – Charles Elliot of the United Kingdom, and Qishan of the Qing dynasty, agree to the Convention of Chuenpi. January 26 – Britain occupies Hong Kong. Later in the year, the first census of the island records a population of about 7,500. January 27 – The active volcano Mount Erebus in Antarctica is discovered, and named by James Clark Ross. January 28 – Ross discovers the "Victoria Barrier", later known as the Ross Ice Shelf. On the same voyage, he discovers the Ross Sea, Victoria Land and Mount Terror.
1708In the Swedish calendar it was a leap year starting on Wednesday, one day ahead of the Julian and ten days behind the Gregorian calendar. January 1 – Charles XII of Sweden invades Russia, by crossing the frozen Vistula River with 40,000 men. January 12 – Shahu I becomes the fifth Chhatrapati of the Maratha Empire in the Indian subcontinent. February 26 – HMS Falmouth, a 50-gun fourth-rate ship of the line built at Woolwich Dockyard for the Royal Navy, is launched.
