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Concept
Catharanthus roseus
Summary
Catharanthus roseus, commonly known as bright eyes, Cape periwinkle, graveyard plant, Madagascar periwinkle, old maid, pink periwinkle, rose periwinkle, is a perennial species of flowering plant in the family Apocynaceae. It is native and endemic to Madagascar, but grown elsewhere as an ornamental and medicinal plant. It is a source of the drugs vincristine and vinblastine, used to treat cancer. It was formerly included in the genus Vinca as Vinca rosea.
It has many vernacular names among which are arivotaombelona or rivotambelona, tonga, tongatse or trongatse, tsimatiririnina, and vonenina.
Two varieties are recognized
Catharanthus roseus var. roseus
Synonymy for this variety
Catharanthus roseus var. angustus Steenis ex Bakhuizen f.
Catharanthus roseus var. albus G.Don
Catharanthus roseus var. occellatus G.Don
Catharanthus roseus var. nanus Markgr.
Lochnera rosea f. alba (G.Don) Woodson
Lochnera rosea var. ocellata (G.Don) Woodson
Catharanthus roseus var. angustus (Steenis) Bakh. f.
Synonymy for this variety
Catharanthus roseus var. nanus Markgr.
Lochnera rosea var. angusta Steenis
Catharanthus roseus is an evergreen subshrub or herbaceous plant growing tall. The leaves are oval to oblong, long and wide, glossy green, hairless, with a pale midrib and a short petiole long; they are arranged in opposite pairs. The flowers range from white with a yellow or red center to dark pink with a darker red center, with a basal tube long and a corolla diameter with five petal-like lobes. The fruit is a pair of follicles long and wide.
In its natural rage along the dry coasts of southern Madagascar, Catharanthus roseus is considered weedy and invasive, often self-seeding prolifically in disturbed areas along roadsides and in fallow fields. It is also, however, widely cultivated and is naturalized in subtropical and tropical areas of the world such as Australia, Bangladesh, India, Malaysia, Pakistan, and the United States. It is so well adapted to growth in Australia that it is listed as a noxious weed in Western Australia and the Australian Capital Territory, and also in parts of eastern Queensland.
Official source
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