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Different formulations of the field-to-transmission-line coupling equations are reviewed and discussed. An equivalent formulation is derived in which the source terms (or forcing functions) are expressed in terms of the magnetic excitation field. This form ...
Vertical electric field waveforms of leader-return stroke sequences measured 500 m and 30 m from rocket-triggered lightning are presented. The 500-m data were recorded during the boreal summer of 1986, the 30-m data during the summer of 1991, both at the N ...
The aim of the invention is to improve existing amperometric sensors used to measure the quantity of a component present in a solution. This aim is reached by using a sensor provided with a measuring electrode (20) having at least one current collector (37 ...
Return-stroke lightning models and coupling models permit a fairly good estimation of overvoltages induced by indirect lightning strokes. However, some discrepancies that still exist between measured data and calculations stress the necessity to incorporat ...
The infrared multiphoton dissociation of chlorodifluoromethane is studied in a dc electric field. The reaction yield is measured as a function of the laser energy fluence, the CF2HCl pressure, and the electric field strength in the range 0⩽E⩽5.4 kV cm−1. A ...
Performance of dielectric elastomer actuators is closely related to its breakdown field. On the other hand, to enhance the available energy, multilayer configuration is needed to increase the amount of active material. However, multilayer configuration suf ...
The piezoelectric properties of lead zirconate titanate (PZT) thin films deposited on thick silicon substrates and thin silicon membranes were investigated using optical interferometry. The effect of the geometrical constraints and clamping effects on the p ...
The paper discusses a modeling procedure that permits calculation of lightning-induced voltages on overhead lines starting from the channel-base current. The procedure makes use of 1) a lightning return-stroke model proposed by the authors for the calculat ...