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Direct measurements of longitudinal (d(33)) and transverse (d(31)) piezoelectric coefficients have been made on cuboid samples of 001-poled 0.955Pb[Zn1/3Nb2/3]O-3-0.045PbTiO(3) (PZN-4.5PT) and 0.68Pb[Mg1/3Nb2/3]O-3-0.32PbTiO(3) (PMN-32PT) single cryst ...
The objective of this paper is to describe an integral approach—based on the use of a super-resolution frequency estimation method—to phase shifting interferometry, starting from phase step estimation to phase evaluation at each point on the object surface ...
Micro-optical electro-mechanical systems (MOEMS) technology, making use of existing silicon based fabrication techniques shows great potential for making complete miniaturized hybrid devices. Such technology has been used to make a Fourier transform spectr ...
A no. of promising synthetic catalysts for the hydrolytic degrdn. of RNA have been developed in recent years. Some of them show remarkable selectivity for pyrimidine nucleotides. The general problem of all these studies is to distinguish between real effec ...
An optically-active multi-layer dielectric structure comprises an optically active zone between two mirrors forming a Fabry-Perot microcavity. The optically active zone comprises an optically active material of wavelength lambda centred in a layer of high ...
We report on the ferroelectric domain evolution as a function of the depth of the surface of 100 mum thick bulk Pb(Zr,Ti)O-3 (PZT) doped with 2% Nb. Ferroelectric domain imaging (FDI) was performed by piezoelectric detection assisted by atomic force micros ...
Understanding of polarization reversal mechanisms in ferroelectric films is essential for evaluation and prediction of the properties of ferroelectric devices including nonvolatile memories. The widely accepted approach based on the domain wall motion kine ...
We introduce a new concept for the fabrication of birefringent microlenses with high quality and give an overview of existing static birefringent microlens technology. It is shown that liquid crystal monomers and polymers can be used to fabricate high-qual ...
Building upon the similarities between inelastic electron scattering and X-ray absorption we show that dichroism can be observed in electron energy loss spectrometry (EELS) in the transmission electron microscope (TEM). Natural or magnetic linear dichroism ...
Enantiomerically pure 2,8-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-2-ene derivatives (+)-5 and (-)-5 have been obtained from 2-azido-3-tosyl-7-azabicyclo[2.2.1]heptanes (+)-1 and (-)-2 and their enantiomers, by ring expansion under radical conditions. Compounds (+)-5 and (- ...
