Polarization-maintaining optical fiber

Summary

In fiber optics, polarization-maintaining optical fiber (PMF or PM fiber) is a single-mode optical fiber in which linearly polarized light, if properly launched into the fiber, maintains a linear polarization during propagation, exiting the fiber in a specific linear polarization state; there is little or no cross-coupling of optical power between the two polarization modes. Such fiber is used in special applications where preserving polarization is essential. Polarization crosstalk In an ordinary (non-polarization-maintaining) fiber, two polarization modes (say vertical and horizontal polarization) have the same nominal phase velocity due to the fiber's circular symmetry. However tiny amounts of random birefringence in such a fiber, or bending in the fiber, will cause a tiny amount of crosstalk from the vertical to the horizontal polarization mode. And since even a short portion of fiber, over which a tiny coupling coefficient may apply, is many thousands of wavelengths lo

Official source

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polarization-maintaining_optical_fiber

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Observation of Temporal Vector Soliton Propagation and Collision in Birefringent Fiber

Camille Sophie Brès, Xin Chen

We report the experimental observation of temporal vector soliton propagation and collision in a linearly birefringent optical fiber. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is both the first demonstration of temporal vector solitons with two mutually incoherent component fields, and of vector soliton collisions in a Kerr nonlinear medium. Collisions are characterized by an intensity redistribution between the two components, and the experimental results agree with numerical predictions of the coupled nonlinear Schro¨dinger equation.

American Physical Society2007

Recent implementations of fiber and integrated tunable microwave photonics filters

Nikolay Primerov, Luc Thévenaz

We present recent implementations of microwave photonic filters using the following two technologies: InP-based MDR (microdisk resonator) on and coupled to a nanophotonic SOI waveguide and dynamic Brillouin gratings (DBGs) in polarization maintaining fibers (PMF). Quasi-linear and continuously tunable ~360° phase shifts have been experimentally obtained when considering radiofrequencies greater than 18 GHz using MDR. Besides, we have designed and experimentally demonstrated multi-tap MWP filters, based on dynamic Brillouin grating reflectors in polarization maintaining fibers, showing a FSR variation larger than 60% in a two-tap filter.

IEEE2012

In this work, we apply a recent technique for the generation of stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) dynamic gratings that are both localized and stationary to realize high-resolution distributed temperature sensing. The gratings generation method relies on the phase modulation of two pump waves by a common pseudo-random bit sequence (PRBS), with a symbol duration that is much shorter than the acoustic lifetime. This way the acoustic wave can efficiently build up in the medium at discrete locations only, where the phase difference between the two waves does not temporarily vary. The separation between neighboring correlation peaks can be made arbitrarily long. Using the proposed method, we experimentally demonstrate distributed temperature sensing with 5 cm resolution, based on modifications to both the local birefringence and the local Brillouin frequency shift in polarization maintaining fibers. The localization method does not require wideband detection and can generate the grating at any random position along the fiber, with complete flexibility. The phase-coding method is equally applicable to high-resolution SBS distributed sensing over standard fibers.

Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE)2012