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Concept
Sailor
Summary
A sailor, seaman, mariner, or seafarer is a person who works aboard a watercraft as part of its crew, and may work in any one of a number of different fields that are related to the operation and maintenance of a ship.
The profession of the sailor is old, and the term sailor has its etymological roots in a time when sailing ships were the main mode of transport at sea, but it now refers to the personnel of all watercraft regardless of the mode of transport, and encompasses people who operate ships professionally, be it for a military navy or civilian merchant navy, as a sport or recreationally. In a navy, there may be further distinctions: sailor may refer to any member of the navy even if they are based on land; while seaman may refer to a specific enlisted rank.
Seafarers hold a variety of professions and ranks, each of which carries unique responsibilities which are integral to the successful operation of an ocean-going vessel. A ship's crew can generally be divided into four main categories: the deck department, the engineering department, the steward's department, and others.
Officer positions in the deck department include but are not limited to: master and his chief, second and third officers. The official classifications for unlicensed members of the deck department are able seaman and ordinary seaman. With some variation, the chief mate is most often charged with the duties of cargo mate. Second Mates are charged with being the medical officer in case of a medical emergency. All three mates each do four-hour morning and afternoon shifts on the bridge, when underway at sea.
A common deck crew for a ship includes:
(1) Captain / Master
(1) Chief Officer / First Mate
(1) Second Officer / Second Mate
(1) Third Officer / Third Mate
(1) Boatswain (unlicensed Petty Officer: Qualified member Deck Dept.)
(2) Able seamen (unlicensed qualified rating)
(2) Ordinary seamen (entry-level rating)
(0-1) Deck Cadet / unlicensed Trainee navigator / Midshipman
A ship's engineering department consists of the members of a ship's crew that operates and maintains the propulsion and other systems on board the vessel.
Official source
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