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Concept
Midpoint
Summary
In geometry, the midpoint is the middle point of a line segment. It is equidistant from both endpoints, and it is the centroid both of the segment and of the endpoints. It bisects the segment.
The midpoint of a segment in n-dimensional space whose endpoints are and is given by
That is, the ith coordinate of the midpoint (i = 1, 2, ..., n) is
Given two points of interest, finding the midpoint of the line segment they determine can be accomplished by a compass and straightedge construction. The midpoint of a line segment, embedded in a plane, can be located by first constructing a lens using circular arcs of equal (and large enough) radii centered at the two endpoints, then connecting the cusps of the lens (the two points where the arcs intersect). The point where the line connecting the cusps intersects the segment is then the midpoint of the segment. It is more challenging to locate the midpoint using only a compass, but it is still possible according to the Mohr-Mascheroni theorem.
The midpoint of any diameter of a circle is the center of the circle.
Any line perpendicular to any chord of a circle and passing through its midpoint also passes through the circle's center.
The butterfly theorem states that, if M is the midpoint of a chord of a circle, through which two other chords and are drawn, then and intersect chord at X and Y respectively, such that M is the midpoint of .
The midpoint of any segment which is an area bisector or perimeter bisector of an ellipse is the ellipse's center.
The ellipse's center is also the midpoint of a segment connecting the two foci of the ellipse.
The midpoint of a segment connecting a hyperbola's vertices is the center of the hyperbola.
The perpendicular bisector of a side of a triangle is the line that is perpendicular to that side and passes through its midpoint. The three perpendicular bisectors of a triangle's three sides intersect at the circumcenter (the center of the circle through the three vertices).
The median of a triangle's side passes through both the side's midpoint and the triangle's opposite vertex.
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