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Concept
Low-power wide-area network
Summary
This needs to include cellular LPWAN technologies such as NB-IoT, LTE-M, Cat-M1
A low-power, wide-area network (LPWAN or LPWA network) is a type of wireless telecommunication wide area network designed to allow long-range communication at a low bit rate between things, such as sensors operated on a battery.
The low power, low bit rate, and intended use distinguish this type of network from a wireless WAN that is designed to connect users or businesses, and carry more data, using more power. The LPWAN data rate ranges from 0.3 kbit/s to 50 kbit/s per channel.
A LPWAN may be used to create a private wireless sensor network, but may also be a service or infrastructure offered by a third party, allowing the owners of sensors to deploy them in the field without investing in gateway technology.
Range: The operating range of LPWAN technology varies from a few kilometers in urban areas to over 10 km in rural settings. It can also enable effective data communication in previously infeasible indoor and underground locations.
Power: LPWAN manufacturers claim years to decades of usable life from built-in batteries, but real-world application tests have not confirmed this.
Some competing standards and vendors for LPWAN space include:
DASH7, a low latency, bi-directional firmware standard that operates over multiple LPWAN radio technologies including LoRa.
Wize is an open and royalty-free standard for LPWAN derived from the European Standard Wireless Mbus.
Chirp spread spectrum (CSS) based
Sigfox, UNB-based technology and French company.
LoRa is a proprietary, chirp spread spectrum radio modulation technology for LPWAN used by LoRaWAN, Haystack Technologies, and Symphony Link.
MIoTy, implementing Telegram Splitting technology.
Weightless is an open standard, narrowband technology for LPWAN used by Ubiik
ELTRES, a LPWA technology developed by Sony, with transmission ranges of over 100 km while moving at speeds of 100 km/h.
IEEE 802.11ah, also known as Wi-Fi HaLow, is a low-power, wide-area implementation of 802.
Official source
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