Glossary of road transport terms

Terminology related to road transport—the transport of passengers or goods on paved (or otherwise improved) routes between places—is diverse, with variation between dialects of English. There may also be regional differences within a single country, and some terms differ based on the side of the road traffic drives on. This glossary is an alphabetical listing of road transport terms. 2+1 road A specific category of three-lane road, consisting of two lanes in one direction and one lane in the other, alternating every few kilometres, and separated usually with a steel cable barrier. 2-1 road A specific category of one-lane road being built in Denmark and Sweden, consisting of a single two-way lane with extra wide shoulders for pedestrians and cyclists. 2+2 road A specific type of dual carriageway being built in Ireland, Sweden, and Finland, consisting of two lanes in each direction separated by a steel cable barrier. 3-way junction or 3-way intersection 5-1-1 A transportation and traffic information telephone hotline in some regions of the United States and Canada that was initially designated for road weather information. Access road Advisory speed limit A speed recommendation by a governing body. All-way stop or four-way stop An intersection system where traffic approaching it from all directions is required to stop before proceeding through the intersection. Alternate route or optional route A highway that splits off the mainline and reconnects some distance later. Ambulance A medically equipped vehicle which transports patients to treatment facilities, such as hospitals. Annual average daily traffic (AADT) A measure of total volume of vehicle traffic on a segment of road for a year divided by 365 days to produce an average. Arterial road or arterial thoroughfare A high-capacity urban road designed to deliver traffic at the highest possible level of service. At-grade intersection A junction at which two or more roads cross at the same level or grade. Automobile Automotive vehicle Autonomous vehicle Auxiliary route A highway that supplements a major or mainline highway.

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Variable-message sign

A variable- (also changeable-, electronic-, or dynamic-) message sign or message board, often abbreviated VMS, VMB, CMS, or DMS, and in the UK known as a matrix sign, is an electronic traffic sign often used on roadways to give travelers information about special events. Such signs warn of traffic congestion, accidents, incidents such as terrorist attacks, AMBER/Silver/Blue Alerts, roadwork zones, or speed limits on a specific highway segment. In urban areas, VMS are used within parking guidance and information systems to guide drivers to available car parking spaces.

Traffic sign

Traffic signs or road signs are signs erected at the side of or above roads to give instructions or provide information to road users. The earliest signs were simple wooden or stone milestones. Later, signs with directional arms were introduced, for example the fingerposts in the United Kingdom and their wooden counterparts in Saxony. With traffic volumes increasing since the 1930s, many countries have adopted pictorial signs or otherwise simplified and standardized their signs to overcome language barriers, and enhance traffic safety.

Road transport

Road transport or road transportation is a type of transport using roads. Transport on roads can be roughly grouped into the transportation of goods and transportation of people. In many countries licensing requirements and safety regulations ensure a separation of the two industries. Movement along roads may be by bike, automobile, bus, truck, or by animal such as horse or oxen. Standard networks of roads were adopted by Romans, Persians, Aztec, and other early empires, and may be regarded as a feature of empires.

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