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Concept
Kolyma (river)
Summary
The Kolyma (Колыма, kəlɨˈma; Халыма) is a river in northeastern Siberia, whose basin covers parts of the Sakha Republic, Chukotka Autonomous Okrug, and Magadan Oblast of Russia.
The Kolyma is frozen to depths of several metres for about 250 days each year, becoming free of ice only in early June, until October.
The Kolyma begins at the confluence of the Kulu and the Ayan-Yuryakh (Kolyma a natural continuation of Ayan-Yuryakh). The confluence happens in the Okhotsk-Kolyma Upland (Охотско-Колымское нагорье), which lies within the watershed that separates the Kolyma basin and the basins of rivers flowing into the Sea of Okhotsk. Kolyma flows across the Upper Kolyma Highlands roughly southwards in its upper course. Leaving the mountainous areas it flows roughly northwards across the Kolyma Lowland, a vast plain dotted with thousands of lakes, part of the greater East Siberian Lowland.
The river empties into the Kolyma Gulf of the East Siberian Sea, a division of the Arctic Ocean.
The Kolyma is long. The area of its basin is . The average discharge at Kolymskoye is , with a high of reported in June 1985, and a low of in April 1979.
The main tributaries of the Kolyma are, from source to mouth:
Ayan-Yuryakh (left)
Kulu (right)
Tenka (right)
Buyunda (right)
Bakhapcha (right)
Seymchan (left)
Balygychan (right)
Sugoy (right)
Korkodon (right)
Bulun
Popovka (left)
Yasachnaya (left)
Zyryanka (left)
Debin (left)
Taskan (left)
Ozhogina (left)
Sededema (left)
Beryozovka (right)
Omolon (right)
Oloy
Anyuy (right)
Bolshoy Anyuy
Maly Anyuy
In the last stretch, the Kolyma divides into two large branches. There are many islands at the mouth of the Kolyma before it meets the East Siberian sea. The main ones are:
Mikhalkino is the largest island, it lies to the west of the Kolyma's eastern branch, the Kamennaya Kolyma anabranch. This island breaks up into smaller islands on its northern end. It is long and wide. Mikhalkino is also known as "Glavsevmorput Island" after the Chief Directorate of the Northern Sea Route.
Official source
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