Grenoble

Grenoble (ɡrəˈnoʊbəl , ɡʁənɔbl; Grenoblo or Grainóvol; Graçanòbol) is the prefecture and largest city of the Isère department in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region of southeastern France. It was the capital of the Dauphiné historical province and lies where the river Drac flows into the Isère at the foot of the French Alps. The population of the commune of Grenoble was 158,198 as of 2019, while the population of the Grenoble metropolitan area (French: aire d'attraction de Grenoble or agglomération grenobloise) was 714,799 which makes it the largest metropolis in the Alps, ahead of Innsbruck and Bolzano. A significant European scientific centre, the city advertises itself as the "Capital of the Alps", due to its size and its proximity to the mountains. The many suburban communes that make up the rest of the metropolitan area include four with populations exceeding 20,000: Saint-Martin-d'Hères, Échirolles, Fontaine and Voiron. Grenoble's history goes back over 2,000 years, to a time when

An investigation of ozone and planetary boundary layer dynamics over the complex topography of Grenoble combining measurements and modeling

Ioan Balin, Bertrand Calpini, Olivier Couach, Pablo Roberto Ristori, Valentin Simeonov, Hubert van den Bergh

This paper concerns an evaluation of ozone (O-3) and planetary boundary layer (PBL) dynamics over the complex topography of the Grenoble region through a combination of measurements and mesoscale model (METPHOMOD) predictions for three days, during July 1999. The measurements of O-3 and PBL structure were obtained with a Differential Absorption Lidar ( DIAL) system, situated 20 km south of Grenoble at Vif (310m ASL). The combined lidar observations and model calculations are in good agreement with atmospheric measurements obtained with an instrumented aircraft (METAIR). Ozone fluxes were calculated using lidar measurements of ozone vertical profiles concentrations and the horizontal wind speeds measured with a Radar Doppler wind profiler (DEGREANE. The ozone flux patterns indicate that the diurnal cycle of ozone production is controlled by local thermal winds. The convective PBL maximum height was some 2700 m above the land surface while the nighttime residual ozone layer was generally found between 1200 and 2200 m. Finally we evaluate the magnitude of the ozone processes at different altitudes in order to estimate the photochemical ozone production due to the primary pollutants emissions of Grenoble city and the regional network of automobile traffic.

Copernicus Publications2003

Study of a photochemical episode over the Grenoble area using a mesoscale model and intensive measurements

Ioan Balin, Bertrand Calpini, Alain Clappier, Olivier Couach, Pablo Roberto Ristori, Valentin Simeonov, Hubert van den Bergh

The Grenoble metropolitan area located in the French Alps with more than 400 thousand inhabitants suffers from periods of high ozone (O3) concns. in summertime. Grenoble is moreover located in the Y shaped convergence of three deep valleys with surrounding mountains up to 3,000 m above sea level (asl) leading to a very complex wind pattern. During summer 1999, a major field campaign GRENOble PHOTochem. (GRENOPHOT) involving std. ground based stations, LIDAR, aircraft, DOAS, microwave windprofilers was carried out in order to obtain the measurements needed for model validation. The air quality model METeorol. PHOtochem. MODel (METPHOMOD) developed at the University of Bern and at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technol. at Lausanne, was used to investigate the dynamic characteristics of air pollution in the Grenoble area during GRENOPHOT. The lumped chem. mechanism Regional Atm. Chem. Mechanism (RACM) was used for the calcn. A one-way nesting technique was used in which the large grid is a squared 198 km one with a grid resoln. of 6 * 6 km and the small one is a rectangular 78 * 68 km with a grid resoln. of 2 * 2 km. There are 24 vertical levels up to 8,000 m asl. The meteorol. and chem. simulations were validated with ground and vertical profiles measurements performed during the Intensive Observation Period (IOP) July, 25-27, when the O3 concns. reached up to 95 ppb. Both the spatial as well as the temporal variabilities of the simulated O3 concns. correspond reasonably well to the measured values. They caught the O3 plume south of Grenoble. The model results indicate a lower Planet Boundary Layer (PBL) height than the LIDAR obsd. The PBL calcd. by the model is about 2,100 m, whereas the LIDAR indicates about 2,400 m. The results show that the PBL in mountain terrain is higher than those found over flat terrain. A specific vertical stratification of the atm. at day and night time is obsd. during typical photochem. episodes. Highest O3 values appear in the south at 25 km downwind the city center, and the results show that about 32 ppb of fresh O3 are generated in the Grenoble plume.

2002

Study of a photochemical episode over the Grenoble area using a mesoscale model and intensive measurements

Ioan Balin, Bertrand Calpini, Alain Clappier, Olivier Couach, Pablo Roberto Ristori, Valentin Simeonov, Hubert van den Bergh

2002

Requalification et réhabilitation. Fabrique Chocolat Villars à Fribourg. Parc technologique, école de postformation, musée industriel

An investigation of ozone and planetary boundary layer dynamics over the complex topography of Grenoble combining measurements and modeling

Study of a photochemical episode over the Grenoble area using a mesoscale model and intensive measurements

Requalification et réhabilitation. Fabrique Chocolat Villars à Fribourg. Parc technologique, école de postformation, musée industriel

An investigation of ozone and planetary boundary layer dynamics over the complex topography of Grenoble combining measurements and modeling

Study of a photochemical episode over the Grenoble area using a mesoscale model and intensive measurements