Critical infrastructure

Critical infrastructure, or critical national infrastructure (CNI) in the UK, describes infrastructure considered essential by governments for the functioning of a society and economy and deserving of special protection for national security. Items Most commonly associated with the term are assets and facilities for:

Shelter; Heating (e.g. natural gas, fuel oil, district heating);
Agriculture, food production and distribution;
Education, skills development and technology transfer / basic subsistence and unemployment rate statistics;
Water supply (drinking water, waste water/sewage, stemming of surface water (e.g. dikes and sluices));
Public health (hospitals, ambulances);
Transportation systems (fuel supply, railway network, airports, harbours, inland shipping);
Security services (police, military).
Electricity generation, transmission and distribution; (e.g. natural gas, fuel oil, coal, nuclear power) ** Renewable energy, which are naturally replenished on a

Infrastructural Monuments on the Bosphorus

Derya Sancar

Istanbul, le Bosphore. Sa condition géographique unique offre un paysage spectaculaire le long d'un territoire vallonné qui divise la mégapole. Il expose le dégradé entre la côte naturelle au Nord et une extrême congestion au Sud. A l'origine espace de la vie publique, ses rives font face à un développement critique. Les projets d'infrastructure supplantent le transport maritime, éloignant la vie quotidienne des rives. Le projet interroge la relation entre les habitants et l'eau et appréhende le Bosphore comme un espace vivant, hébergeant une multitude d'activités. Trois prototypes de monuments d'infrastructure s'installent au sein de cette vision et changent radicalement le caractère public de la rive dans trois situations exemplaires. Chacun situé dans un environnement différent, ils révèlent le paysage du détroit: au Nord, l'intervention permet de découvrir les rochers, la plage et la forêt, le pont monstrueux nous rappelant la démesure urbaine. Au centre, une nouvelle promenade sur l'eau au sein de quartiers résidentiels réactive la rive auparavant occupée par les usines. Enfin au Sud, des jetées réorganisent l'arrivée des bateaux et libèrent ainsi un parc public autour de monuments historiques. Les trois prototypes cherchent pragmatiquement à rendre la rive publique et à repousser sa limite sur l'eau. Ces structures régulières osent une mise en scène du paysage territorial du Bosphore toute en gardant une sensibilité vis-à-vis de leurs contextes urbains respectifs.

2016

Systemic risk in the network industries: is there a governance gap?

Ian Robert Bartle, Marc Laperrouza

Systemic risks and hazards have become increasingly significant features of modern industrial society of which the network industries form a vital element. The idea of systemic risk, however, is much less prominent in the network industries compared to banking and finance. This paper addresses why there is such a difference between these sectors. It then addresses how complexity and systemic risk in the network industries should be managed and governed. Does it above all require more and better scientific and technical analysis to understand the risks and reduce uncertainty? Or does it require qualitatively different forms of governance that draw on many different types of knowledge, and involve a wider range of stakeholders? We argue in this paper that systemic risk is very important in the network industries and it needs to be a considered more explicitly than hitherto in the governance and regulation of risk in the network industries. Traditional technocratic forms of risk management and governance while necessary are not sufficient, particularly due because of heightened uncertainty and interdependence. Unless and until the problems of uncertainty are overcome, means of governing risk and uncertainty beyond the technocratic are required. In particular, judgements by different experts and stakeholders are required about the nature of the uncertainty, about the potential hazards and their consequences, and about the level of caution required. This requires a more participative and open form of risk governance, a form which draws on socio-political forms of governance as well as technocratic. This is recognised in part in the recent literature on risk governance of critical infrastructures but the literature says little about the participative governance structures which might be appropriate nor how they may be developed in the patchwork that is the European regulatory environment for the network industries.

2009

Systemic risk in the network industries: is there a governance gap?

Ian Robert Bartle, Marc Laperrouza

2009

Infrastructural Monuments on the Bosphorus

Systemic risk in the network industries: is there a governance gap?

Public-Private decision-making in critical infrastructures, case of High-speed ground transportation systems

Infrastructural Monuments on the Bosphorus

Public-Private decision-making in critical infrastructures, case of High-speed ground transportation systems

Systemic risk in the network industries: is there a governance gap?