Chile

Summary

Chile, officially the Republic of Chile, is a country located in western South America. It is the southernmost country in the world and closest to Antarctica, stretching along a narrow strip of land between the Andes Mountains and the Pacific Ocean. With an area of and a population of 17.5 million as of 2017, Chile shares borders with Peru to the north, Bolivia to the northeast, Argentina to the east, and the Drake Passage to the south. The country also controls several Pacific islands, including Juan Fernández, Isla Salas y Gómez, Desventuradas, and Easter Island, and claims about of Antarctica as the Chilean Antarctic Territory. The capital and largest city of Chile is Santiago, and the national language is Spanish. Spain conquered and colonized the region in the mid-16th century, replacing Inca rule, but failed to conquer the independent Mapuche people who inhabited what is now south-central Chile. In 1818, after declaring independence from Spain, Chile emerged as a relatively st

Official source

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chile

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2011

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El Portico de los Huéspedes is a pedagogical, design-research project that tests the possibility of an open-ended architecture, where duration links between past and future. It is a work of architecture as becoming: ‘work’ meaning the structure, rhythms and strategies of the effort, and ‘work’ as El Portico itself, which, in every instance, is a calling forth of what has taken place towards what could yet be. The project began in 2014 on lands along the Pacific coast of Chile and continues at annual intervals each August. The starting point was a volume defined by Gunnar Asplund’s Woodland Chapel. This volume acted as a trace that measured the landscape and allowed us to forego formal questions; the work became instead a constructive problem of erecting and articulating the volume. The project’s development from this beginning has not been determined by a fixed set of drawings. Instead, each year, the work begins anew when students encounter El Portico and the traces of time, labor, craft and thought left by those before them. Students are given a task (a plaza, walls, an enclosure, columns, a floor) that leads the project towards some additional possibility of appropriation. Working on these tasks, they draw, model and build full-scale mock-ups to test possibilities. They work in spaces nearby or, in recent years, bring drawing tables and tools under the completed roof working with the wind and winter sun. In the first year, students defined the site and erected a structural frame on wooden piles founded into the sand. The following summer, a brick plaza tied El Portico into the landscape; a secondary roof structure, also built the second year, was clad the third using inexpensive wooden siding disposed in four waterproof layers. The fourth year, three wall fragments began to suggest enclosure. This past year -- the fifth -- a possibility for habitation: an inside defined by a concave wall punctured with lean windows; a locking door, a finished floor of wood and concrete and a brick plaza just outside. In intervals between each August, other teams of students led by partners in Chile intervened: a field of concrete columns cast with fabric formwork; wooden ribs and a concrete slab that formed the shell of the wing completed this past year. The fixed nature of the tasks, rudimentary tools and the short, three-week period generate an intensity. On-site discussions of tests made in different modes and at various scales guide decisions. These decisions are also informed by the traces of the past manifest by El Portico as it is encountered in every moment, and by the work students know will continue in the years to come, by other hands; it is with this knowledge that the project is able to transmit an understanding of architecture that links past to future, bringing into presence the uncertain and open-ended potential of the life of a work and its fragility as a human endeavor.

Association of Collegiate Schools of Architecture2019

Le Chili a été marqué par la construction en masse de quartiers composés de blocs de logements identiques, les blocs C. Leur construction a débuté pendant la dictature – 1973-1990 –, sous la politique subsidiaire du général Pinochet, afin de répondre au déficit de logements. Ces quartiers, où vivent des centaines de milliers de chiliens, présentent aujourd'hui plusieurs problématiques faisant d'eux une priorité d’intervention pour l’état: l’appartement générique de 42 m2, quelle que soit la taille du foyer, l’absence de réflexion sur l’espace public commun et l’encombrement des espaces de circulation par des extensions informelles construites par les habitants. Les neuf semaines passées sur place à côtoyer les acteurs locaux ont permis le développement du projet de transformation et de réhabilitation du quartier de Marta Brunet à Santiago. Ce dernier, témoin du phénomène, rassemble les différentes problématiques. Il permet d’en extraire des principes d'intervention pouvant être appliqués sur d’autres quartiers semblables à l’échelle du pays. En s’inspirant des modes de vie et d’un certain idéal chilien, “perro”, “parrilla”, patio, le projet cherche à offrir des espaces publics et des équipements communs de qualité ainsi qu’une variété typologique correspondant aux besoins des habitants. Des extensions ponctuelles modifient la morphologie urbaine en y intégrant des patios. Ceux-ci permettent des activités communes et introduisent différents seuils de privacité sur le plan urbain. Enfin, le développement d’une extension sous forme de “plug-in” offre le potentiel d’une intervention générique et économique, rapidement mise en œuvre.

2019

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Association of Collegiate Schools of Architecture2019