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Concept
Long March
Summary
The Long March (, Long Expedition) was a military retreat undertaken by the Red Army of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP), the forerunner of the People's Liberation Army, to evade the pursuit of the National Army of the Chinese Nationalist Party (CNP/KMT).
The Long March was a series of marches where Communist armies in the south escaped to the north and west. The most famous march was from the Jiangxi province in October 1934 to the Shaanxi province in October 1935 where the First Front Army of the Chinese Soviet Republic was on the brink of annihilation by Chiang Kai-shek's troops in their stronghold in Jiangxi province. The CCP moved in a circling retreat to the west and north, which reportedly traversed over over 370 days. The route passed through some of the most difficult terrain of western China by traveling west, then north, to Shaanxi. Only about 8,000 out of the ~86,000 CCP that partook in the march survived.
The Long March was the beginning of Mao Zedong's ascent to power. His leadership during the retreat gained him the support of the members of the party.
1931: Unofficial founding of the Jiangxi–Fujian Soviet by Mao Zedong and Zhu De.
1931: December, Zhou Enlai arrived in Ruijin and replaced Mao as leader of the CCP.
1932: October, at the Ningdu Conference, the majority of CCP military leaders criticized Mao's tactics; Mao was demoted to figurehead status.
1933: Bo Gu and Otto Braun arrived from the USSR, reorganized the Red Army, and took control of Party affairs. They defeated four encirclement campaigns.
1933: September 25, the Fifth Encirclement Campaign started. Bo and Braun were eventually defeated.
1934: October 16, 130,000 soldiers and civilians, led by Bo Gu and Otto Braun, began the Long March.
1934: November 25 – December 3, Battle of Xiang River.
1935: January 15–17, Zunyi Conference. The leadership of Bo and Braun was denounced. Zhou became the most powerful person in the Party; Mao became Zhou's assistant.
1935: June–July, troops under Zhou and Mao met with Zhang Guotao's troops.
Official source
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