Hunan (UKhuː'næn, UShuː'nɑːn; ) is a landlocked province of the People's Republic of China, part of the South Central China region. Located in the middle reaches of the Yangtze watershed, it borders the province-level divisions of Hubei to the north, Jiangxi to the east, Guangdong and Guangxi to the south, Guizhou to the west and Chongqing to the northwest. Its capital and largest city is Changsha, which also abuts the Xiang River. Hengyang, Zhuzhou, and Yueyang are among its most populous urban cities. With a population of just over 66 million residing in an area of approximately , it is China's 7th most populous province, the fourth most populous among landlocked provinces, the second most populous in South Central China after Guangdong and the most populous province in Central China. It is the largest province in South-Central China, the fourth largest among landlocked provinces and the 10th most extensive province by area.
Hunan's nominal GDP was US724billion(CNY4.6trillion)asof2021,appearingintheworld′stop20largestsub−nationaleconomies,withitsGDP(PPP)beingoverUS1.1 trillion. Hunan is the 9th-largest provincial economy of China, the fourth largest in South Central China, the third largest in Central China and the fourth largest among landlocked provinces. Its GDP (nominal) per capita exceeded US10,900(69,300CNY),makingitthethirdrichestprovinceintheSouthCentralChinaregionafterGuangdongandHubei.Asof2020,Hunan′sGDP(nominal)reached605billionUSdollars(CNY4.18trillion),exceedingthatofPoland,withaGDPofUS596 billion and Thailand, with a GDP of US$501 billion, the 22nd and 25th largest in the world respectively.
The name Hunan literally means "south of the lake". The lake that is referred to is Dongting Lake, a lake in the northeast of the province. Vehicle license plates from Hunan are marked Xiāng (), after the Xiang River, which runs from south to north through Hunan and forms part of the largest drainage system for the province.
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Hunan (UKhuː'næn, UShuː'nɑːn; ) is a landlocked province of the People's Republic of China, part of the South Central China region. Located in the middle reaches of the Yangtze watershed, it borders the province-level divisions of Hubei to the north, Jiangxi to the east, Guangdong and Guangxi to the south, Guizhou to the west and Chongqing to the northwest. Its capital and largest city is Changsha, which also abuts the Xiang River. Hengyang, Zhuzhou, and Yueyang are among its most populous urban cities.
The Tujia (Northern Tujia: Bifjixkhar / Bifzixkar, IPA: /bi˧˥ dʑi˥ kha˨˩/ /pi˧˥ tsi˥ kha˨˩/, Southern Tujia: Mongrzzir, /mõ˨˩ dzi˨˩/; ) are an ethnic group and, with a total population of over 8 million, the eighth-largest officially recognized ethnic minority in the People's Republic of China. They live in the Wuling Mountains, straddling the common borders of Hunan, Hubei and Guizhou Provinces and Chongqing Municipality. The endonym Bizika means "native dwellers".
The Taiping Rebellion, also known as the Taiping Civil War or the Taiping Revolution, was a massive civil war in China between the Manchu-led Qing dynasty and the Hakka-led Taiping Heavenly Kingdom. It lasted from 1850 until the fall of Tianjing (now Nanjing) in 1864, although the last rebel army was not wiped out until August 1871. The conflict resulted in approximately 20–30 million deaths. The established Qing government won decisively, although at great cost to its fiscal and political structure.