Top contributors to climate change
Top contributors to climate change are the companies, sources, and countries on Earth causing climate change through greenhouse gas emissions, which are mainly: Carbon dioxide, Methane, Nitrous oxide and the fluorinated gases bromofluorocarbon, chlorofluorocarbon, hydrochlorofluorocarbon, hydrofluorocarbon, nitrogen trifluoride, perfluorocarbons and sulfur hexafluoride The extraction and subsequent use of fossil fuels coal, oil and natural gas, as a fuel source, is the largest contributor to global warming. Carbon dioxide in Earth's atmosphere and Carbon footprint List of countries by carbon dioxide emissions and List of countries by greenhouse gas emissions In million tonnes CO2e, China is the largest emitter with 12705; USA is second with 6001, India 3394, EU (which is 27 countries) 3383, Russia 2476, Japan 1166, Brazil 1057, Indonesia 1002, Iran 893, and Canada 736. Extraction of petroleum This heading uses data from a climate accountability report of Heede, van Der Vlugt and Griffin of the Carbon Disclosure Project. While data of emissions "Direct operational" and indirectly caused from the companies surveyed were indicated by the CDP, requests for data which were ignored by companies and emissions resulting from the use of products originating with companies were included as estimates by the researchers. The data used by the CDP scientists is a composite of quantities of emissions as described via the GHG Protocol Corporate Standard (GHGPCS): Scope 1 and Scope 3 emissions (not including Scope 2) - these three being all the possible emission types. 1 is direct emissions sources from a companies owned or possessed resources, 3 is indirect sources consequential of the production - divided by GHGPCS into upstream and downstream, and 15 categories. Scope 3 emissions are thought to be approximately 90% of the total from any company and result from the combustion of coal, and, or, oil, and, or, gas during the conversion of these into energy i.e. as fuel; which is categorized as a downstream.
