New York City

Summary

New York, often called New York City or NYC, is the most populous city in the United States. With a 2020 population of 8,804,190 distributed over , New York City is the most densely populated major city in the United States. The city is more than twice as populous as Los Angeles, the nation's second-largest city. New York City is situated at the southern tip of New York State. Situated on one of the world's largest natural harbors, New York City comprises five boroughs, each of which is coextensive with a respective county. The five boroughs, which were created in 1898 when local governments were consolidated into a single municipality, are: Brooklyn (Kings County), Queens (Queens County), Manhattan (New York County), the Bronx (Bronx County), and Staten Island (Richmond County). New York City is a global city and a cultural, financial, high-tech, entertainment, glamor, and media center with a significant influence on commerce, health care and scientific output in life sciences, res

Official source

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_City

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Rikers Island. Ville pénitentiaire (New York, USA)

Plus de deux millions de personnes sont actuellement enfermées dans les prisons des Etats-Unis d'Amérique, soit une augmentation de 500 % en moins de trente ans. La majorité de cette population carcérale provient des classes sociales les plus défavorisées et n'est accusée que de délits mineurs. En 1992, le nombre de personnes détenues dans les prisons de la ville de New York dépasse les 21 500. Des milliers d'entre elles s'entassent dans des campements « temporaires» sur l'île de Rikers. Pour répondre au surpeuplement, les autorités décident de faire bâtir un navire carcéral pour accueillir 800 détenus supplémentaires. Ce navire, le Vernon C. Bain Center, est amarré sur les rives du Bronx, en face de l'île de Rikers. Aujourd'hui cet étrange bâtiment change de cap afin d'affronter la véritable tempête: le démantèlement de l'Etat providence et son remplacement par ce qu'on a appelé l'Etat pénitence. La réaffectation de cette prison flottante offre une alternative symbolique au grand enfermement de ce début de siècle. Elle était censée exalter une politique sécuritaire de tolérance-zéro ; elle voguera désormais sous un pavillon pirate qui pourrait avoir nom : Intolérance zéro. Ce projet est en lui-même une tentative d'évasion.

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From ‘hippies’ to “How dare you!” and beyond..

Arindam Roy

In 1971 a group of environmental activists set sail from Canada to protest nuclear testing. With this journey the organization Greenpeace was born. 50 years old this year, Greenpeace and other organizations like it have seen environmental concerns move from the fringe to the mainstream, and eventually evolve into climate change activism. In 2009, at the United Nations Climate Change Conference in Copenhagen, more than forty thousand people marched for a Global Agreement on Climate Change. Spontaneous rallies and demonstrations demanding immediate climate action took place around the globe, increasing over the last decades. Beginning in 2018 ‘Fridays For Future’ are days where millions of school students boycott schools on Friday and participate in climate change activism. Civil disobedience movements like Extinction Rebellion and Ende Gelände have also started to gain significant attention and support. On September 23, 2019, world leaders in New York city witnessed possibly the most powerful speech in the last decade when Greta Thunberg declared that they have failed to address climate change.

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Between Hospitality and Inhospitality: The Janus-Faced 'Arrival Infrastructure'

Guillaume Simon Joseph Drevon, Maxime Carl Felder, Luca Giovanni Pattaroni, Joan Stavo-Debauge, Marie Hannah Florence Trossat

Although ‘arrival infrastructure’ is central to the experience of migrants arriving in a new city, is it sufficient to form a ‘hospitable milieu’? Our article compares newcomers’ experiences with ‘arrival infrastructure’ in two European cities: Brussels and Geneva. Based on ethnographic research with 49 migrants who arrived a few months earlier, we show that arrival infrastructure is Janus-faced. On one hand, it welcomes newcomers and contributes to making the city hospitable. On the other hand, it rejects, deceives and disappoints them, forcing them to remain mobile—to go back home, go further afield, or just move around the city—in order to satisfy their needs and compose what we will call a ‘hospitable milieu.’ The arrival infrastructure’s inhospitality is fourfold: linked firstly to its limitations and shortcomings, secondly to the trials or tests newcomers have to overcome in order to benefit from the infrastructure, thirdly to the necessary forms of closure needed to protect those who have just arrived and fourthly to those organising and managing the infrastructure, with divergent conceptions of hospitality. By using the notion of milieu and by embedding infrastructure into the broader question of hospitality, we open up an empirical exploration of its ambiguous role in the uncertain trajectories of newcomers.

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