Political status of Taiwan

The controversy surrounding the political status of Taiwan or the Taiwan issue is a result of World War II, the second phase of the Chinese Civil War (1945–1949), and the Cold War. The basic issue hinges on whom the islands of Taiwan, Penghu, Kinmen, and Matsu should be administered by. The main options include: Maintain the current ROC/PRC (Taiwan/Mainland) status quo. Taiwan as a de facto separate self-governing entity. Become part of China as a province or special administrative region of the PRC under a one country, two systems framework (as Hong Kong and Macau did). Formally abolish the ROC and establish a de jure independent Taiwanese state. Unify with mainland China under the Government of the ROC (zh). Annexed under the Government of the PRC. This controversy also concerns whether the current status quo of existence and legal status as a sovereign state of both the ROC and the PRC is legitimate as a matter of international law. The status quo is accepted in large part because it does not define the legal or future status of Taiwan, leaving each group to interpret the situation in a way that is politically acceptable to its members. At the same time, a policy of status quo has been criticized as being dangerous precisely because different sides have different interpretations of what the status quo is, leading to the possibility of war through brinkmanship or miscalculation. In recent times, the PRC (under the sole governance of the Chinese Communist Party, CCP) seeks the end of Taiwan's de facto independence through the process of unification under the “One Country, Two Systems” principle of the one-party socialist state, and the PRC has not ruled out the use of force in pursuit of this goal. (In contrast, the Kuomintang (KMT), the historical combatant of the CCP during the Chinese Civil War and currently a major political party in Taiwan, also seeks the reunification of China, albeit under the multi-party representative democracy which forms the Government of the Republic of China.

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