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Concept
Exotic matter
Summary
There are several proposed types of exotic matter:
Hypothetical particles and states of matter that have "exotic" physical properties that would violate known laws of physics, such as a particle having a negative mass.
Hypothetical particles and states of matter that have not yet been encountered, but whose properties would be within the realm of mainstream physics if found to exist.
Several particles whose existence has been experimentally confirmed that are conjectured to be exotic hadrons and within the Standard Model.
States of matter that are not commonly encountered, such as Bose–Einstein condensates, fermionic condensates, nuclear matter, quantum spin liquid, string-net liquid, supercritical fluid, color-glass condensate, quark–gluon plasma, Rydberg matter, Rydberg polaron, photonic matter, and time crystal but whose properties are entirely within the realm of mainstream physics.
Forms of matter that are poorly understood, such as dark matter and mirror matter.
Ordinary matter placed under high pressure, which may result in dramatic changes in its physical or chemical properties.
Degenerate matter
Exotic atoms
Negative mass
Negative mass would possess some strange properties, such as accelerating in the direction opposite of applied force. Despite being inconsistent with the expected behavior of "normal" matter, negative mass is mathematically consistent and introduces no violation of conservation of momentum or energy. It is used in certain speculative theories, such as on the construction of artificial wormholes and the Alcubierre drive. The closest known real representative of such exotic matter is the region of pseudo-negative-pressure density produced by the Casimir effect.
Tachyon#Mass
A hypothetical particle with complex rest mass would always travel faster than the speed of light. Such particles are called tachyons. There is no confirmed existence of tachyons.
If the rest mass is complex this implies that the denominator is complex because the total energy is observable and thus must be real.
Official source
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