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Concept
Second Intifada
Summary
The Second Intifada (Al-Intifāḍat aṯ-Ṯāniyya; Ha-Intifada ha-Shniya), also known as the Al-Aqsa Intifada (Intifāḍat al-ʾAqṣā), was a major Palestinian uprising against Israel. The general triggers for the unrest are speculated to have been centred on the failure of the 2000 Camp David Summit, which was expected to reach a final agreement on the Israeli–Palestinian peace process in July 2000. Outbreaks of violence began in September 2000, after Ariel Sharon, then the Israeli opposition leader, made a provocative visit to the Al-Aqsa compound on the Temple Mount in Jerusalem; the visit itself was peaceful, but, as anticipated, sparked protests and riots that Israeli police put down with rubber bullets and tear gas.
High numbers of casualties were caused among civilians as well as combatants. Israeli forces engaged in gunfire, targeted killings, and tank and aerial attacks, while the Palestinians engaged in suicide bombings, gunfire, stone-throwing, and rocket attacks. Palestinian suicide bombings were a prominent feature of the fighting and mainly targeted Israeli civilians, contrasting with the relatively less violent nature of the First Intifada. With a combined casualty figure for combatants and civilians, the violence is estimated to have resulted in the deaths of approximately 3,000 Palestinians and 1,000 Israelis, as well as 64 foreigners.
Many consider the Sharm el-Sheikh Summit of 2005 to have marked the end of the Second Intifada. Palestinian president Mahmoud Abbas and Israeli prime minister Ariel Sharon agreed that all Palestinian factions would stop all acts of violence against all Israelis everywhere, while Israel would likewise cease all of its military activity against all Palestinians everywhere. They also reaffirmed their commitment to the "roadmap for peace" process. Sharon agreed to release 900 of the 7,500 Palestinian prisoners of Israel at the time, and further agreed to withdraw from towns in the West Bank that had been re-occupied by Israeli forces during the Second Intifada.
Official source
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