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Concept
Predestination in Islam
Summary
Qadar (قدر, transliterated qadar, meaning literally "power", but translated variously as: "fate", "divine fore-ordainment", "predestination," "divine decree", "decree" of Allah", "preordainment") is the concept of divine destiny in Islam. As God is all-knowing and all-powerful, everything that has happened and will happen in the universe—including sinful human behavior—is not only known but commanded by him. At the same time, human beings are responsible for their actions, and will be rewarded or punished accordingly on Judgement Day.
Predestination/Divine Destiny is one of Sunni Islam's six articles of faith, (along with belief in the Oneness of Allah, the Revealed Books, the Prophets of Islam, the Day of Resurrection and Angels).
Since many things that happen on earth as a part of Allah's decree are bad/evil, "the will of Allah" can be divided into two sorts—the "universal will" (everything that happens, the subject of this article); and the "legislative will", what Allah commands human beings to do that they sometimes do not (obey sharia).
Some early Islamic schools (Qadariyah and Muʿtazila) did not accept the doctrine of predestination; Muʿtazila argued that it was "unthinkable" that God "would punish man for what He himself had commanded". Predestination is not included in the Five Articles of Faith of Shi'i Islam. At least a few sources describe Shi'i Muslims as denying predestination, and at least one Shi'i scholar (Naser Makarem Shirazi) argues "belief in predestination is a denial of justice".
In Islam, "predestination" is the usual English language rendering of a belief that Muslims call DIN (ælqɑˈdʕɑːʔ wælˈqɑdɑr القضاء والقدر). As per the Sunni understanding, the phrase means "the divine decree and the predestination"; al-qadr more closely means "(divine) power", deriving from the root ق د ر (q-d-r), which denotes concepts related to measuring out, aiming, calculating, preparing, being able, and having power.
Official source
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