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Concept
Longhouse
Summary
A longhouse or long house is a type of long, proportionately narrow, single-room building for communal dwelling. It has been built in various parts of the world including Asia, Europe, and North America.
Many were built from timber and often represent the earliest form of permanent structure in many cultures. Types include the Neolithic long house of Europe, the Norman Medieval Longhouses that evolved in Western Britain (Tŷ Hir) and Northern France (Longère) and the various types of longhouse built by different cultures among the indigenous peoples of the Americas.
The Neolithic long house type was introduced with the first farmers of central and western Europe around 5000 BCE, 7,000 years ago. These were farming settlements built in groups of six to twelve and were home to large extended families and kin.
The Germanic cattle-farmer longhouses emerged along the southwestern North Sea coast in the third or fourth century BCE and may be the ancestors of several medieval house types such as the Scandinavian langhus, the English, Welsh and Scottish longhouse variants and the German and Dutch Low German house. The longhouse is a traditional form of shelter.
Some of the medieval longhouse types of Europe that have survived are:
The Western Brittonic 'Dartmoor longhouse' variants in Devon, Cornwall, and Wales where it is known as the Tŷ Hir are often typified by the use of cruck construction It is built along a slope and a single passage gives access to both human and animal shelter under a single roof.
There are dozens of pre 1600 Longhouses remaining on Exmoor and the surrounding area.
Some can be dated using dendrochronology to before 1400 but sites can be much older and have names with a Saxon origin.
Longhouses on Exmoor are typically: -
A single-story building, one room deep, laid out as two crucked bays a cross passage and two crucked bays.
There are many places on and around Exmoor where if you trace a stream up to its source you find a spring and an adjacent Longhouse, being a preferred location.
Official source
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