Potentiometer

Summary

A potentiometer is a three-terminal resistor with a sliding or rotating contact that forms an adjustable voltage divider. If only two terminals are used, one end and the wiper, it acts as a variable resistor or rheostat. The measuring instrument called a potentiometer is essentially a voltage divider used for measuring electric potential (voltage); the component is an implementation of the same principle, hence its name. Potentiometers are commonly used to control electrical devices such as volume controls on audio equipment. Potentiometers operated by a mechanism can be used as position transducers, for example, in a joystick. Potentiometers are rarely used to directly control significant power (more than a watt), since the power dissipated in the potentiometer would be comparable to the power in the controlled load. Nomenclature Some terms in the electronics industry used to describe certain types of potentiometers are:

Slide pot or slider pot: a potentiometer that i

Official source

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potentiometer

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This work shows the feasibility of fully Fused-Deposition-Modeling (FDM) printed capacitive and resistive transducers, processed in a single tool. It enables their cost-effective processing and provides a simple approach for sensors manufacturing in 3D printed constructions. By printing FDM electrically conductive and dielectric filaments, resistive thermal and capacitive force transducers were fabricated. Fully FDM flexible printed capacitive force sensors were implemented with parallel plate structures, obtaining a relative sensitivity of 0.088 %/N. Fully FDM flexible printed resistive sensors are used as thermal transducers exhibiting a relative sensitivity of 2.2%/ degrees C. Both transducers, resistive and capacitive, were demonstrated as touch sensors. This technology has potential applications in the fields of electronic skin, smart wearables and soft robotics.

IEEE2019

Immobilization of Biomolecules on Polyurethane Membrane Surfaces

Nico de Rooij

Lipophilic polymer membranes incorporating binding sites are widely used in various potentiometric, amperometric, and optical sensors. Here, we report on the biofunctional modification of the surface of a Ca2+-selective membrane. A photoactivatable biotin derivative was synthesized and covalently immobilized on a soft polyurethane membrane. The modified polymer was characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) as well as by potentiometric measurements. The selective binding of streptavidin by the photo-cross-]linked biotin derivative was demonstrated. The surface coverage obtained with different experimental protocols was analyzed by autoradiography using [35S]-streptavidin. The new approach may significantly extend the scope of applicability of potentiometric sensors.

2002

A unified and comparative treatment of traditional potentiometric and amperometric enzyme electrodes and of enzyme reactors is presented. Exact theoretical descriptions are given for limiting cases, and relatively simple approaches for general cases. The latter approximations are obtained from the respective solutions for a two-segmented membrane model. They allow an explicit description and a full characterization of the response curves by only two kinetic parameters, which are the ratio of overall reaction and diffusion rates and the Michaelis constant. Numerical simulations based on a finite-difference procedure are developed for the functional enzyme membrane being represented by a sufficiently large number of elements (slices). These simulations are applied as virtual experiments for the evaluation of concentration profiles and fluxes of substrate and product species. The response characteristics of potentiometric and amperometric sensor systems, as well as the product release from enzyme reactors, are analyzed, and the influence of the relevant parameters on the steady-state response is demonstrated and discussed. Potentiometric and amperometric enzyme electrodes of identical kinetic properties are shown to exhibit the same response patterns for the actually sensed versus the nominal substrate concentrations. The simulated results are in excellent agreement with the appropriate theories. For all examples studied in this work the standard deviation between computer-simulated and theoretically approximated response curves is in the range of only 0.1-4% with respect to the sensed concentration. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

2011