Pixar Animation Studios (ˈpɪksɑr) is an American computer animation studio known for its critically and commercially successful computer-animated feature films. It is based in Emeryville, California. Since 2006, Pixar has been a subsidiary of Walt Disney Studios, a division of Disney Entertainment, which is owned by The Walt Disney Company.
Pixar started in 1979 as part of the Lucasfilm computer division. It was known as the Graphics Group before its spin-off as a corporation in 1986, with funding from Apple co-founder Steve Jobs who became its majority shareholder. Disney purchased Pixar in January 2006 at a valuation of 7.4+billionbyconvertingeachshareofPixarstockto2.3sharesofDisneystock.Pixarisbestknownforitsfeaturefilms,technologicallypoweredbyRenderMan,thecompany′sownimplementationoftheindustry−standardRenderManInterfaceSpecificationimage−renderingAPI.Thestudio′smascotisLuxoJr.,adesklampfromthestudio′s1986shortfilmofthesamename.Pixarhasproduced27featurefilms,startingwithToyStory(1995),whichisthefirstfullycomputer−animatedfeaturefilm;itsmostrecentfilmwasElemental(2023).Thestudiohasalsoproducedmanyshortfilms.,itsfeaturefilmshaveearnedover15 billion at the worldwide box office with an average gross of 546.9millionperfilm.ToyStory3(2010),FindingDory(2016),Incredibles2(2018),andToyStory4(2019)allgrossedover1 billion and are among the 50 highest-grossing films of all time. Moreover, 15 of Pixar's films are in the 50 highest-grossing animated films of all time.
Pixar has earned 23 Academy Awards, 10 Golden Globe Awards, and 11 Grammy Awards, along with numerous other awards and acknowledgments. Since its inauguration in 2001, eleven Pixar films have won the Academy Award for Best Animated Feature, including Finding Nemo (2003), The Incredibles (2004), Ratatouille (2007), WALL-E (2008), Up (2009), Toy Story 3 (2010), Brave (2012), Inside Out (2015), Coco (2017), Toy Story 4 (2019), and Soul (2020).
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John Alan Lasseter (ˈlæsətər ; born January 12, 1957) is an American film director, producer, screenwriter, animator, voice actor, and the head of animation at Skydance Animation. He was previously the chief creative officer of Pixar Animation Studios, Walt Disney Animation Studios, and Disneytoon Studios, as well as the Principal Creative Advisor for Walt Disney Imagineering. Lasseter began his career as an animator with The Walt Disney Company.
Toy Story is a 1995 American computer-animated comedy film produced by Pixar Animation Studios and released by Walt Disney Pictures. The first installment in the Toy Story franchise, it was the first entirely computer-animated feature film, as well as the first feature film from Pixar. It was directed by John Lasseter (in his feature directorial debut) and produced by Bonnie Arnold and Ralph Guggenheim, from a screenplay written by Joss Whedon, Andrew Stanton, Joel Cohen, and Alec Sokolow and a story by Lasseter, Stanton, Pete Docter, and Joe Ranft.
Computer animation is the process used for digitally generating animations. The more general term (CGI) encompasses both static scenes (s) and dynamic images (s), while computer animation refers to moving images. Modern computer animation usually uses 3D computer graphics to generate a three-dimensional picture. The target of the animation is sometimes the computer itself, while other times it is film. Computer animation is essentially a digital successor to stop motion techniques, but using 3D models, and traditional animation techniques using frame-by-frame animation of 2D illustrations.
Explores the radiation properties of a loudspeaker membrane and the influence of acoustic loads on its behavior, emphasizing impedance, directivity, and reaction.
Migrating computer graphics to the Web poses several problems, but with new standards and technology advances, graphics applications can balance latency and bandwidth constraints with image quality. The paper discusses Web graphics standards, distributed v ...