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Infobox royalty | name = ‘Umarعُمَر | title = | succession = 2nd Caliph of the Rashidun Caliphate | reign = 23 August 634 – 3 November 644 | image = 20131203 Istanbul 118.jpg | caption = Calligraphic seal featuring Umar's name, on display in the Hagia Sophia | predecessor = Abu Bakr | successor = Uthman | birth_date = 582 or 583 CE | birth_place = Mecca, Hejaz, Arabia | death_date = November 644 CE (Dhu al-Hijjah 23 or Muharram 24 AH) (aged 60–61) | death_place = Medina, Hejaz, Rashidun Caliphate | burial_place = Prophet's Mosque, Medina | spouse = | issue = | issue-link = Family tree of Umar#Descendants | issue-pipe = (among others) | house = Quraysh (Banu Adi) | house-type = Tribe | father = Al-Khattab ibn Nufayl | mother = Hantamah bint Hisham | religion = Islam | module = Infobox Arabic name |embed=yes |ism=ʿUmar |nasab=ʿUmar ibn al-Khaṭṭāb ibn Nufayl ibn ʿAbd al-ʿUzzā ibn Rāz ibn ʿAdiyy ibn Kaʿab ibn Luʿayy ibn Ghālib ibn Fihr ibn Mālik |kunya= Abul Hafs |laqab= Al-Fārūq ("the distinguisher (between right and wrong)") | signature = Signature Believed To Be Of ʿUmar B. Al-Khaṭṭāb.png ʿUmar ibn al-Khaṭṭāb (ʿUmar bin Khaṭṭāb, also spelled Omar, 582/583 – 644) was the second Rashidun caliph, ruling from August 634 until his assassination in 644. He succeeded Abu Bakr (632-634) as the second caliph of the Rashidun Caliphate on 23 August 634. Umar was a senior companion and father-in-law of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. He was also an expert Muslim jurist known for his pious and just nature, which earned him the epithet Al-Fārūq ("the one who distinguishes (between right and wrong)"). The title Amir al-Mu'minin was held by Umar ibn Khattab who was also the first one to be given this title. Umar initially opposed Muhammad, his distant Qurayshite kinsman and later son-in-law. Following his conversion to Islam in 616, he became the first Muslim to openly pray at the Kaaba. Umar participated in almost all battles and expeditions under Muhammad, who bestowed the title al-Fārūq upon him, for his judgements.

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Related concepts (26)

Islam

Islam (ˈɪslɑːm; ۘالِإسْلَام, al-ʾIslām ʔɪsˈlæːm, ) is an Abrahamic monotheistic religion centered on the Quran and the teachings of Muhammad. Adherents of Islam, called Muslims, number approximately 2 billion globally and are the world's second-largest religious population after Christians. Muslims believe that Islam is the complete and universal version of a primordial faith that was revealed many times through earlier prophets such as Adam (believed to be the first man), Ibrahim, Moses, and Isa (Jesus), among others.

Uthman

Uthman ibn Affan (ʿUthmān bin ʿAffān; 573 or 576 – 17 June 656 CE), also spelled by Colloquial Arabic, Turkish, Persian and Urdu rendering Osman/Usman, was a second cousin, son-in-law and notable companion of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, as well as the third of the Rāshidun, or "Rightly Guided Caliphs". He played a major role in early Islamic history, and is known for having ordered the compilation of the standard version of the Quran. When Caliph Umar ibn al-Khattab died in office aged 60/61 years, Uthman, aged 68–71 years, succeeded him and was the oldest to rule as Caliph.

Rashidun Caliphate

The Rashidun Caliphate (al-Khilāfah ar-Rāšidah; 632 661) was the first caliphate to succeed the Islamic prophet Muhammad. It was ruled by the first four successive caliphs of Muhammad after his death in 632 CE (11 AH). During its existence, the empire was the most powerful economic, cultural, and military force in West Asia. The caliphate arose following Muhammad’s passing in June 632 and the subsequent debate over the succession to his leadership.