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In probability theory and statistical mechanics, the Gaussian free field (GFF) is a Gaussian random field, a central model of random surfaces (random height functions). gives a mathematical survey of the Gaussian free field. The discrete version can be defined on any graph, usually a lattice in d-dimensional Euclidean space. The continuum version is defined on Rd or on a bounded subdomain of Rd. It can be thought of as a natural generalization of one-dimensional Brownian motion to d time (but still one space) dimensions: it is a random (generalized) function from Rd to R. In particular, the one-dimensional continuum GFF is just the standard one-dimensional Brownian motion or Brownian bridge on an interval. In the theory of random surfaces, it is also called the harmonic crystal. It is also the starting point for many constructions in quantum field theory, where it is called the Euclidean bosonic massless free field. A key property of the 2-dimensional GFF is conformal invariance, which relates it in several ways to the Schramm–Loewner evolution, see and . Similarly to Brownian motion, which is the scaling limit of a wide range of discrete random walk models (see Donsker's theorem), the continuum GFF is the scaling limit of not only the discrete GFF on lattices, but of many random height function models, such as the height function of uniform random planar domino tilings, see . The planar GFF is also the limit of the fluctuations of the characteristic polynomial of a random matrix model, the Ginibre ensemble, see . The structure of the discrete GFF on any graph is closely related to the behaviour of the simple random walk on the graph. For instance, the discrete GFF plays a key role in the proof by of several conjectures about the cover time of graphs (the expected number of steps it takes for the random walk to visit all the vertices). Let P(x, y) be the transition kernel of the Markov chain given by a random walk on a finite graph G(V, E). Let U be a fixed non-empty subset of the vertices V, and take the set of all real-valued functions with some prescribed values on U.

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A Characterisation Of The Continuum Gaussian Free Field In Arbitrary Dimensions

Juhan Aru

We prove that under certain mild moment and continuity assumptions, the d-dimensional continuum Gaussian free field is the only stochastic process satisfying the usual domain Markov property and a scaling assumption. Our proof is based on a decomposition of the underlying functional space in terms of radial processes and spherical harmonics.

ECOLE POLYTECHNIQUE2022

We show that the imaginary multiplicative chaos exp(i beta Gamma) determines the gradient of the underlying field Gamma for all log-correlated Gaussian fields with covariance of the form -log|x-y|+g(x,y) with mild regularity conditions on g, for all d >= 2 and for all beta is an element of(0, root d). In particular, we show that the 2D continuum zero boundary Gaussian free field is measurable with respect to its imaginary chaos.

WILEY2021

Liouville Measure As A Multiplicative Cascade Via Level Sets Of The Gaussian Free Field

Juhan Aru

We provide new constructions of the subcritical and critical Gaussian multiplicative chaos (GMC) measures corresponding to the 2D Gaussian free field (GFF). As a special case we recover E. Aidekon's construction of random measures using nested conformally invariant loop ensembles, and thereby prove his conjecture that certain CLE4 based limiting measures are equal in law to the GMC measures for the GFF. The constructions are based on the theory of local sets of the GFF and build a strong link between multiplicative cascades and GMC measures. This link allows us to directly adapt techniques used for multiplicative cascades to the study of GMC measures of the GFF. As a proof of principle we do this for the so-called Seneta-Heyde rescaling of the critical GMC measure.

ANNALES INST FOURIER2020

MATH-434: Lattice models

Lattice models consist of (typically random) objects living on a periodic graph. We will study some models that are mathematically interesting and representative of physical phenomena seen in the real