European Commission

The European Commission (EC) is part of the executive of the European Union (EU), together with the European Council. It operates as a cabinet government, with 27 members of the Commission (directorial system, informally known as "Commissioners") headed by a President. It includes an administrative body of about 32,000 European civil servants. The Commission is divided into departments known as Directorates-General (DGs) that can be likened to departments or ministries each headed by a Director-General who is responsible to a Commissioner. There is one member per member state, but members are bound by their oath of office to represent the general interest of the EU as a whole rather than their home state. The Commission President (currently Ursula von der Leyen) is proposed by the European Council (the 27 heads of state/governments) and elected by the European Parliament. The Council of the European Union then nominates the other members of the Commission

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Review of Eurotunnel’s Decision-Making Process A critical appraisal of Ex-ante vs. Ex-post studies

Tristan Chevroulet, Georgeta Geambasu, Christian Reynaud, Aymeric Sevestre

This document provides a methodical investigation of the main assessment steps that have led to the construction of Eurotunnel and it compares the results of the analyses that were achieved before the key decisions with the results of studies that have been undertaken since Eurotunnel is in operation. The analysis of successful and mismatched appraisals is followed by a series of methodological recommendations aimed at helping decision-makers to gain from positive experience and to avoid the pitfalls that Eurotunnel encountered. EVA-TREN is the acronym of “improved decision-aid methods and tools to support evaluation of investment for transport and energy networks in Europe”. It is a research aimed at improving decision support for large-scale transport and energy projects in the European Union. EVA-TREN is funded by the Directory General for Transport and Energy (DG TREN) of the European Commission, within the Sixth Research Framework Programme (FP6). EVA-TREN comprises, amongst other, the study of eleven significant investments in European transport and energy infrastructure. More information is available at: www.evatren.eu

2007

From Public Value to Social Value of Digital Government: Co-Creation and Social Innovation in European Union Initiatives

Gianluca Carlo Misuraca, Gianluigi Viscusi

This paper discusses the development of key features in European Union policy and service redesign, based on social innovative practices where co-creation and the related phenomenon of digital social innovation have a high potential impact. The idea underneath this claim is that Information and Communication Technologies are becoming increasingly pervasive in the design, development and delivery of social innovation and co-creation initiatives which should not be limited to service delivery, rather serve as the driver for opening-up governance systems and change the way public organizations are structured and policy designed and implemented. Consequently, the paper discusses the key elements identified for setting up open and collaborative governance systems,while, taking stock from the analysis of policy experiences and practices funded by the European Commission, an overview of main drivers and barriers are presented. The paper concludes outlining recommendations for future research, as well as implications and possible directions for policy.

2019

Digital Governance Challenges for ICT- Enabled Innovation of Social Protection Systems in the EU

Gianluca Carlo Misuraca, Gianluigi Viscusi

ICT-Enabled Social Innovation can help making existing service more efficient and effective, but also produce new services as a result of integration among different policy silos. Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) can also promote conceptual innovation in the sense of changing the base (empirical and analytical) upon which policy are first designed and later evaluat- ed. Building on extensive literature review and analysis of case studies conduct- ed as part of the research on ICT-Enabled Social Innovation (IESI) conducted by the European Commission ́s Joint Research Centre, Institute for Prospective Technological Studies (JRC-IPTS), this article discusses, the results of an analy- sis of three selected case studies, exploring the relationship between different ty- pologies of ICT-enabled social innovation implemented and the broader social protection system in which they are embedded in, contributing to determine if a relationship is identified between the nature and type of ICT-enabled social in- novation and the modernization of social policies, considering the broader digital governance space in which they are implemented.

IOS Press2016

European Union

The European Union (EU) is a supranational political and economic union of member states that are located primarily in Europe. The union has a total area of and an estimated total population of ov

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European Economic Community

The European Economic Community (EEC) was a regional organisation created by the Treaty of Rome of 1957, aiming to foster economic integration among its member states. It was subsequently renamed th

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MGT-303: Economics of ideas

This class will provide students with an understanding of some real-world issues related to the "knowledge economy." Why should we innovate as a society? Why innovation doesn't just happen and how can the government help firms innovate? We will answer these questions and others using economic tools.

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Understanding process and role of biomineralization (minerals formed by living organisms) in context of Earth's evolution,global chemical cycles, climatic changes and remediation.