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Concept
Climate classification
Summary
Climate classifications are systems that categorize the world's climates. A climate classification may correlate closely with a biome classification, as climate is a major influence on life in a region. One of the most used is the Köppen climate classification scheme first developed in 1884.
There are several ways to classify climates into similar regimes. Originally, climes were defined in Ancient Greece to describe the weather depending upon a location's latitude. Modern climate classification methods can be broadly divided into genetic methods, which focus on the causes of climate, and empiric methods, which focus on the effects of climate. Examples of genetic classification include methods based on the relative frequency of different air mass types or locations within synoptic weather disturbances. Examples of empiric classifications include climate zones defined by plant hardiness, evapotranspiration, or more generally the Köppen climate classification which was originally designed to identify the climates associated with certain biomes. A common shortcoming of these classification schemes is that they produce distinct boundaries between the zones they define, rather than the gradual transition of climate properties more common in nature.
Alpine climate
Desert climate or arid climate
Humid continental climate
Humid subtropical climate
Ice cap climate
Oceanic climate
Subarctic climate
Semi-arid climate
Mediterranean climate
Tropical monsoon climate
Tropical rainforest climate
Tropical savanna climate
Tundra climate
Polar climate
Climate classification systems include:
Aridity index – part of many systems
Alisov climate classification (ru)
Berg climate classification
Köppen climate classification – most widely used in the 1954 Köppen–Geiger variant
Holdridge life zone classification – relatively simple
Lauer climate classification
Strahler climate classification
Thornthwaite climate classification
Trewartha climate classification – 1967 modification of Köppen to fit real-world conditions
Troll climate classification
Vahl climate classification
The simplest classification is that involving air masses.
Official source
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