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This lecture explores the impact of regulatory variation on precision medicine, focusing on the majority of trait-associated variants mapping to non-coding regions. It delves into the functional aspects of non-coding GWAS SNPs, regulatory polymorphisms, and the role of genomic variation in phenotypic variation. The discussion includes gene expression variation, mapping eQTLs, and the power of model organisms like Drosophila in understanding genetic influences on gene expression. The lecture also addresses the genomic distribution of cis-eQTLs and the significance of variants in regulatory regions. Overall, it emphasizes the need to bridge the gap between genomic and organismal phenotypic variation.