This lecture covers various techniques in protein mass spectrometry and proteomics, including protein labeling methods like SILAC and ICAT, precursor ion intensity analysis, metabolic stable-isotope labeling, and pulsed SILAC. It also discusses the use of Tandem Mass Tags (TMTs) and Isobaric Tagging for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) in quantifying complex protein mixtures. The lecture delves into the discovery of biomarkers, response to stimuli, and targeted MS methods for precise quantification. Additionally, it explores databases like UniProtKB and the conversion of mass spectra into peak lists for analysis.