Optogenetic Tools

This lecture explores optogenetic tools, a branch of biotechnology combining genetic engineering with optics to observe and control genetically-targeted cells with light. It delves into the development and applications of light- and calcium-gated tools to probe neuronal activity, including their potential in neuroscience and beyond. The lecture covers the use of genetically-encoded tools for probing neuronal activities, such as voltage and calcium indicators, pH sensors, and neurotransmitter sensors. It also discusses the integration of these tools in studying neuronal communication, neurotransmission, and directed evolution experiments for enzymatic activity. The session concludes with insights on flow cytometry and the design of fusion constructs based on light-driven conformational changes.