Universal Gravitation: Kepler's Laws and Newton's Insights

This lecture covers the concepts of central force, angular momentum, and the conservation of angular momentum. It delves into the historical shift from geocentrism to heliocentrism, exploring Kepler's laws and Newton's law of universal gravitation. The presentation also discusses the implications of Newton's insights on the dynamics of planetary motion, the law of areas, and the gravitational field. Furthermore, it touches upon the development of the Keplerian system, the effects of general relativity, and the concept of gravitational potential energy. The lecture concludes with a detailed explanation of central motion, prime integrals, and the determination of orbits in a central potential.