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This lecture discusses the genetic distance between two loci in Drosophila melanogaster, focusing on the black and vestigial loci. The instructor explains how to calculate genetic distance based on offspring phenotypes and the significance of recombination frequencies. By analyzing dihybrid test crosses, the lecture demonstrates how mutations in trans and cis affect phenotypic ratios and recombination. The presentation also covers cases of linkage detection and the implications of genetic distance exceeding 50 centiMorgans.