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This lecture introduces the concept of inversion coefficient in low-power analog IC design, focusing on the trade-offs involved in designing circuits with minimal power consumption. The instructor discusses the motivations for low-voltage operation, the ITRS roadmap, and the lower limits of power consumption. Various design methodologies and techniques for optimizing bias points and transistor sizing are explored, emphasizing the importance of the inversion coefficient. The lecture also covers practical power limitations, impact of supply voltage reduction, and specific current extraction for transconductance amplifiers.