Retaining Walls and Bridge Supports

This lecture covers the design of retaining walls, bridge abutments, and minor works in civil engineering, emphasizing the importance of material unity and integrated solutions. It discusses the limits of retaining walls, boom bridges, and their supports, including foundations, piles, and micropiles. The lecture also delves into the transmission of shear forces in concrete structures, the stability of floating systems, and the calculation of secant stiffness for structural analysis.