Phase Transitions: 1st Order

This lecture covers the concept of phase transitions, focusing on 1st order transitions and their classification based on the latent heat required. It also discusses 2nd order transitions, the Clausius-Clapeyron relation, and the Gibbs phase rule. The instructor explains the liquefaction of gases through isothermal compression and the coexistence curves in the (P,T) phase diagram, highlighting the equilibrium between vapor-liquid, liquid-solid, and solid-vapor phases. Additionally, the lecture explores phase transitions between allotropic varieties and the determination of variance in a system according to the Gibbs phase rule.